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![Page 1: Birmingham,15 th April 2010 1 Mathematics and Telecommunications – aspects from an operator’s perspective Michael Walker President of the IMA Vodafone.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e6f5503460f94b6c2ff/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Birmingham,15th April 20101
Mathematics and Telecommunications – aspects from an operator’s perspective
Michael WalkerPresident of the IMAVodafone Professor Telecommunications, Royal Holloway, University of London, and Visiting Professor University of Surrey
HoDoMS Meeting 2010, Birmingham, 15th April 2010
![Page 2: Birmingham,15 th April 2010 1 Mathematics and Telecommunications – aspects from an operator’s perspective Michael Walker President of the IMA Vodafone.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e6f5503460f94b6c2ff/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Birmingham,15th April 20102
Contents
• IMA news
• Telecoms and MathsUsers’ needs
Ter
min
al
Customer propositions
Service Enabling
Connectivity
Access
Spectrum and regulation
![Page 3: Birmingham,15 th April 2010 1 Mathematics and Telecommunications – aspects from an operator’s perspective Michael Walker President of the IMA Vodafone.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e6f5503460f94b6c2ff/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Birmingham,15th April 20103
IMA News (1)
IMA and NUMS
• IMA 96% in favour of merger with LMS
• Council accepts LMS democratic decision
• Council continues to embrace the vision set out in the NUMS consultative report
University Liaison
• Peter Rowlett [email protected]
• £400 grants available for any university maths society– http://www.ima.org.uk/student/index.html
• IMA / Greenwich Undergraduate conference– 6 February 2010, with thanks to
Tony Mann and Noel Anne Bradshaw
• Free eStudent membership for 2011
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Birmingham,15th April 20104
IMA News (2)
• CMath Teach
– Launched December 2009
• Maths Careers website– mathscareers.org.uk
– launched December 2009
– greatly improved resource for students
– themes - I love maths; environment; health and society; business and money; entertainment; science and engineering; sport
– 11-14,14-16,16-19, undergraduates, graduates, adults, teachers
• Essential Modern Mathematics Research – Case Studies– To show to politicians and
scientists the great benefit of current and recent mathematics research
– Nigel Peake to co-ordinate
– Two versions: politicians and scientists
– Call for topics and experts
– Working with EPSRC
![Page 5: Birmingham,15 th April 2010 1 Mathematics and Telecommunications – aspects from an operator’s perspective Michael Walker President of the IMA Vodafone.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e6f5503460f94b6c2ff/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Birmingham,15th April 20105
Maths and telecoms – a rich history
• Seminal papers of Shannon– A mathematical theory of communications,
Bell Syst Tech J 27, 1948
– Communication theory of secrecy systems, Bell Syst Tech J 28, 1949
• Compression coding
• Error correcting codes – geometry, groups and combinatorics
• Cipher systems– symmetric cryptography and information
theory
– public key cryptography and number theory and complexity theory
• IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Users’ needs
Customer propositions
Service Enabling
Connectivity
Access
Spectrum and regulation
![Page 6: Birmingham,15 th April 2010 1 Mathematics and Telecommunications – aspects from an operator’s perspective Michael Walker President of the IMA Vodafone.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e6f5503460f94b6c2ff/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Birmingham,15th April 20106
Mobile communications
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Birmingham,15th April 20107
The Internet
information, entertainment, publishing, communications and social interaction
PersianBlog.Com
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Birmingham,15th April 20108
AccessAccess Access
TomorrowMulti-service platforms
Content
Services
YesterdayVertical services
Mo
bile
Mo
bile
Fix
ed
Dat
a N
etF
ixed
D
ata
Net
Fix
ed T
elep
hony
Fix
ed T
elep
hony
WLA
NW
LAN
Services
Transport, Switching & Access Networks
Content
ServicesEnvironment
IP Multi-Servicesnetwork
Convergence of telecoms and the web
![Page 9: Birmingham,15 th April 2010 1 Mathematics and Telecommunications – aspects from an operator’s perspective Michael Walker President of the IMA Vodafone.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e6f5503460f94b6c2ff/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Birmingham,15th April 20109
Problems of networks
• Sharing resources– radio frequency spectrum management
• Interference management– maximising capacity and coverage of radio
access network
– diversity coding and MIMO: quaternions and Cayley numbers
• Designing and managing networks for IP data traffic
• Securing the cloud
• How can mathematics help?– Don’t expect well formulated mathematical
problems
Users’ needs
Customer propositions
Service Enabling
Connectivity
Access
Spectrum and regulation
![Page 10: Birmingham,15 th April 2010 1 Mathematics and Telecommunications – aspects from an operator’s perspective Michael Walker President of the IMA Vodafone.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e6f5503460f94b6c2ff/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Birmingham,15th April 201010
Propagation characteristics – 3G extension bands @ 2.6 GHz and digital dividend UHF @ 800Mhz
UHF3G extension band
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Birmingham,15th April 201011
Economics of spectrum
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
0 2 4 6 8 10
Operators
To
tal n
etw
ork c
ap
acity
30 MHz
40 MHz
50 MHz
HHI For European Mobile Industry and India
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Number of Operators
HH
I
Equal share
UK
NL
Germany
Austria
France
Belgium
Spain
Italy
India
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Birmingham,15th April 201012
Spectrum auctions
• Allocation by auction
• Gradual move to lighter regulation –
–may permit change of use
–may be traded
Usage defined by regulators
Allocation by “Beauty Contest”
Barrier to new entrants
•multi-round, multi-object simultaneous auctions
•designed to increase competition as well as achieve maximum prices
•combinatorial auctions
•bid strategies – and what is the best outcome
![Page 13: Birmingham,15 th April 2010 1 Mathematics and Telecommunications – aspects from an operator’s perspective Michael Walker President of the IMA Vodafone.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649e6f5503460f94b6c2ff/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Birmingham,15th April 201013
Coverage and capacity improvement
• Relaying- fundamental work by Kumar on ad-hoc
and sensor networks
• distributed MIMO – mathematics of MIMO elaborated by
Calderbank and others
– but not yet for distributed MIMO
BS
RN#1.1 RN#2.1
RN#1 RN#2
RN#2.1.1
RN#2.2
UT
UT
Multihop Network: Treetopology
Access Link
RelayLink
Backhaul infrastructureBetween sites
Terminal jointly detected by 3 base stations
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Birmingham,15th April 201014
Designing IP data networks
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Birmingham,15th April 201015
The chaotic nature of IP traffic
• optimisation of data rates– nature of traffic
– type of device
• optimisation of routing– early breakout
– edge caching
• excessive usage
• offload
• multi-dimensional optimisation
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Birmingham,15th April 201016
The reason why these problems are important for operators
Co
sts
Time
Voice Data
Revenue
Traffic
Diverging expectations for traffic and
revenue growth