Biotransformation of antibiotics, steroids and their applications
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Transcript of Biotransformation of antibiotics, steroids and their applications
BIOTRANSFORMATION OF ANTIBIOTICS, STEROIDS
AND THEIR APPLICATIONS.
Biotransformation of steroids and antibiotics
-Suraj Begoor
What is Biotransformation?
Biotransformation is the chemical modification (or modifications) made by an organism on a chemical compound.
If this modification ends in mineral compounds like CO2, NH4
+, or H2O, the biotransformation is called mineralisation.
Biotransformation means chemical alteration of chemicals such as nutrients, amino acids, toxins, and drugs in the body.
Biochemical event in which a drug molecule is converted from a non polar molecule to a polar molecule through a series of reactions mainly involving enzymes is called as Biotransformaion.
PHASE I Converts non polar molecules into
relatively polar molecule . Exposing or adding a polar or
reactive group. Reactions such as , 1. oxidation 2.Reduction 3 .Dehalogenation. 4. Desulfuration. etc
ENZYMES Monooxygenases Oxidases . Reductases. Nitroreductases. Hydrolases. Azoreductase . Esterases , etc
Microsomal oxidation Salicyclic acid
Non microsomal oxidation
Ethyl alcohol carbon dioxide
and water.
CH3OH formic acid and
formaldehyde
Gentisic acid
Hydrolysis Pethidine procaine
(analgesic).
Digitalis ( leaf drug)
( only life saving cardiovascular drug)
esterases
Digoxin
PHASE II Attach small polar ionisable
endogenous compounds such as glucoronic acid, glycine and other amino acids to functional group.
Enzymes such as , acetyltransferase, methytransferase, acyltransferase etc
FACTORS that affect Biotransformation
Diet. Hormonal status. Age. Disease . Liver function. Chemicals . Enzymes .
Types of Transformation.
Inactivation Activation Intoxication Change of activity.
INACTIVATION
Phenobarbital p- hydroxy phenobarbital
glucoronide
ACTIVATION
INTOXICATION
p- phenatidine
deacetylation
Change of Activity
iproniazide isoniazide
Biotransformation of steroids.
Progesterone
pregnadiol
Plant Biotransformation. CHOLESTEROL
*
DIOSOGENIN
BIOTRANSFORMATION OF ANTIBIOTICS
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