BIOTICS...6 Day 1 Typesetting Training for Professionals B i o t i c s E d u c a ti o n BI O TICS...

iTypesetting Training for Professionals

BioticsEducation

BIOTICS.IN

8th July, 2010

This book is dedicated to P. Verma who inspired me for teaching and writing study materials, who provides me with continuous support and caring.

I would like to give my special thanks to "Pankaj Sir and Lalit Sir" . Without their notes this book can not be written. So actually they are author of the book, I am just a compositor here. Thanks Lalit Sir.

Dear Reader,

Greetings!

We never take birth with knowledge. There are lots of people surrounding who provide this. But as time passes, we become very professional or mean. We start hiding our knowledge, tools and other beneficial thoughts from others. Different people have different reasons for this. Some say that if we share our knowledge then other will beat us in professional life. Some says why should I share my knowledge for free, I have collected it with very hard work.

But At that time we forget that there were lots of Friends, Seniors, Companies and other People who gave this knowledge or helped us. OK!!! They are right that we will not get money by sharing this knowledge free but then!!....Is there no responsibility for society? Is there no cost of “Thanks” from true hearts?

What did you say??? YES???

Ofcourse, it must be YES.

So we just want to welcome those Professionals, Students, Trainers and others people, who feel pleasure by sharing their knowledge and feel proud that they have done something nice for this society.

So in this process, we feel glad to present the “communication training - a self study handbook”.

This Handbook explains the basic knowledge for writing and speaking. We have written and designed it in such way so that all hindi speaking person can understand it easily.

Question, Suggestion and Feedback are welcomed.

Thanks for your valuable time.

Kind Regards,Deepak Aggarwal9899123045

Typesetting Training for ProfessionalsBiotics

Education

BIOTICS.IN

http://www.biotics.in

www.biotics.in

8th July, 2010

Before going ahead...

Dear all,

Before going ahead, I would like to share my view...

We all know the importance of communication skill in our personal and professional life.

Although we all are able to speak this language Buuuuuutttttt...

It is only our hesitation which make stop us in talking in English. We do very less efforts to remove this Hesitation and to improve our english communication skill.

Whenever we start speaking English other people start saying i.e.

Oye hero... angrej mat ban.

Abe 2 din ka showk hai fir wahi aa jayega.

Kauaa chala hans ki chaal....ha ha ha

and those people start laughing almost all the time on you.

There is a saying is written for those people "hum to doobenge sanam tumhein bhi le doobenge"

Unko khud to kosis karni nahi hoti or jo kosis karte hein use or dooba dete hein.

Therefore I would like to suggest you for creating a Communication Club for: • who don't care these type of comments and • who are really serious about to improve their communication skills

But before starting this club, ask the views of everybody because without everybody's participating that club could not be successed.

Remember: All member who join that club are supposed to talk in English as much as possible. However it is not mandatory to talk in English all the time.

Cheers!!!!

Kind regards,

Biotics Education9899123045


Education

BIOTICS.IN

www.biotics.in


Education

BIOTICS.IN 3

Biotics - typesetting training for Professionals K-123, Street No.-11 Sombazar Road, Rajapuri Opp Dwarka Sec-4 New Delhi- 110059 Mobile: +91 9899123045 e-Mail: [email protected] www.biotics.in

Communication Writing and Speaking

Learn How to Speak English in 15 hrs

Compiled by

Biotics Faculties


Education

BIOTICS.IN


[email protected]

www.biotics.in

www.biotics.in

Communication Training Handbook July 2010 by Biotics; 9899123045 4

Day 1: Part of speech

Noun

Pronoun

The Verb

Adverb

Adjective

Preposition

Conjunction

Interjection

Day 2: tense

Present

Past

Future

Day 3: Use of Has, Have, Had

Has/Have, Had, Will have

Has to/Have to, Had to, Will have to

Am to/Was to, Will to

Day 4: Modals

May, Might, Must

May be, Might be, Must be

May have, Might have, Must have,

Can, Could, Could have

Should, Should have

Would like to

Day 5: Use of few words

Willing to

Getting to

About to

Yet to

Able to

Supposed to

Day 6: Keep/Remain, Had Better

Keep

Remain

Had Better

Going to

Day 7: Participals

Doubling or Same Words

Two Work Done by One Subject/Person

Double Future

Before/After

Day 8: conditional sentence

Double Future Conditional Sentence

Present Perfect and Future Ind. Conditional Sentence

Day 9: imaginary sentences

Indefinite Imaginary Sentences

Continuous Imaginary Sentences

Day 10: Passive Voice sentence

When to Use the Passive

Rules

Process to convert Active Sentence into Passive Sentence

Day 11: Vocabulary

Verb with Three Forms

Hindi Meaning

topic covered

Week 1Week At A GlAnce

Day 1 Day 2 Day 5Day 4Day 3Part of speech tense Use of

Has, Have, HadModals Use of Few

Most Used Words

Noun

Pronoun

The Verb

Adverb

Adjective

Preposition

Conjunction

Interjection

Present

Past

Future

Has/Have, Had, Will have

Has to/Have to, Had to, Will have to

Am to/Was to, Will to

May, Might, Must

May be, Might be, Must be

May have, Might have, Must have,

Can, Could, Could have

Should, Should have

Would like to

Willing to fny@eu@bPNk dj jgh gS@Fkh@gksxh

Getting to ik jgk gw¡@Fkk@gksxk

About to okyk gS@Fkk@gksxk

Yet to ckdh gS@Fkk@gksxk

Able to leFkZ gw¡ ;k ugha gw¡@Fkk@gksxk

Supposed to mEehn dh tkrh gS@Fkh@gksxh

6

Day 1


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education

BIOTICS.INCommunication Training Handbook July 2010 by Biotics; 9899123045

2 hour 1 Part of Speech

Part of speech

"Word" is a meaningful collection of 'Letters'. "Sentence" is a meaningful collection of 'Words'.

In a sentence, every word is categorised in different part. Those parts are called “Part of Speech”. These parts are:

1. Noun

2. Pronoun

3. The Verb

4. Adverb

5. Adjective

6. Preposition

7. The Conjunction

8. Interjection

Noun (uke)A Noun is a word which is used as the name of a person, a place or a thing. For example:

Ram, Mohan, Pinky Names ➢

Mathura, Govindpuri Places ➢

Train, Bus, TV Things. ➢

Pronoun (substituted for noun)A Pronoun is a word which is used in place of a noun. For example:

Deepak did not come as ➢ he was in office.

The lady ➢ who wrote this book is coming.

Train was stopped as ➢ it had problem.

the Verb (working words)A verb is a word which express the action, feelings or existence. means ftlls ;s irk pys fd D;k dke gks jgk gSA For example:

Deepak did not ➢ come as he was in office.

The lady who ➢ wrote this book is coming.

Train was ➢ stopped as it had problem.

There are two type of Verb

a. Main Verb

b. Helping Verb

See the below example:

I ➢ am talking to Rahul H.V M.V

Here ‘talking’ is the main verb and ‘am’ is helping verb. Because ‘am’ is just helping to determine the meaning of sentence.

When Main Verb does not exist in any sentence then helping verb does the work as a main verb.

I ➢ am a teacher.

I ➢ have a car.


Day 1

7


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


Rahul ➢ is blind.

Remember: We can not change the place of main verb in any sentence. Only helping verb moves according the Tense.

I ➢ am talking to Raj.

Am ➢ I talking to Raj?

Here ‘am’ is helping verb get changed it’s place and just because of changing the placement of H.V., the meaning of tense get changed.

Adverb (add + verb)An adverb is a word which adds something to a verb, an adjective or another adverb in a sentence. For example:

He writes English ➢ fairly. (add in verb)

I speak English ➢ very fluently. (add in adverb)

Adjective (add + noun/pronoun)An adjective is a word which show the quality of noun or pronoun either bad or good. For example:

Priya is a ➢ beautiful girl. She is very intelligent (add in noun/pronoun)

She is ➢ very intelligent. (add in adjective)

In this example ‘beautiful, shy and intelligent’ words adding something or showing the quality of noun or pronoun. They are Adjectives.

Preposition (pre + position)A preposition is a word which is used before a noun or pronoun to show it’s relation with another noun/pronoun with other noun/pronoun in the sentence.

She is sitting ➢ on the floor.

I killed the snake ➢ with a stick.

They went ➢ to Ambala.

conjunction (tksM+uk)A conjunction is a word which is used to join two words or sentences. For example:

Preet ➢ and Pinky are friends.

She came ➢ but didn’t talk to me.

Do ➢ or die.

He had to do stay back in office ➢ as some urgent work had arrived

I can not come to office ➢ beacause I have to go to my marriage

interjectionAn Interjection is a work which express some sudden feelings or emotions. For example:

Oh! My God. ➢

Alas! We could win. ➢

Hurrah! We win ➢

Thus now we have understood the category of every word in a sentence.

Now Remeber this also: Ram beats sonuSubject

Who does the work is called subjkect

What work is going on

On which the effect of verb falls

Verb Object


8

Day 2


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


2 hour

We can categories Tense in three categories: Past, Present and Future.

Present Past Future

inde

finit

e

igpku

rk gS] rh gS] rs gSv/kwjs okD; ¼gS@Fkk½

¼pkgrk Fkk@tkurk Fkk ½xk] xh] xs $ gksxk] gksxh

Rules V1 + s/es, do/does + V1 V2, Did + V1 Will + V1

cont

inuo

us

igpku jgk gS] jgh gS] jgs gSa

[kM+k] cSBk] iguk $ gSjgk Fkk] jgh Fkk] jgs Fkk [kM+k] cSBk] iguk $ Fkk

jgk gksxk] jgh gksxk] jgs gksaxs [kM+k] cSBk] iguk $ gksxk rk gksxk] rh gksxk] rs gksxs

Rules is/am/are + V1 (ing) was/were + V1 (ing) will be + V1 (ing)

Perf

ect

igpku v/kwjs okD; $ gS

pqdk gS] pqdh gS] pqds gSav/kwjs okD; $ Fkk

pqdk Fkk] pqdh Fkh] pqds Fksv/kwjs okD; $ gksxk

pqdk gksxk] pqdh gksxh] pqds gksaxs

Rules has/have + V3 had + V3 will have + V3

rk Fkk] rh Fkk] rs Fks ¼pkgrk Fkk@tkurk Fkk ½

Used to + V1

Tenses are just the play of Helping Verb. dsoy H. V. dks cnyus ls Tense cny tkrk gSA vkSj mudh position dks cnyus ls Tense Interrogative (?) esa cny tkrk gSA See below Example:

He ➢ is going to school.

Is ➢ he going to school?

She ➢ will be waiting for me.

Will ➢ she be waiting for me?

Helping Verbs

Present Tense: Do, Does, Is, Am, Are, Has, HavePast Tense: Did, Was, Were, HadFuture Tense: Will, Will be, Will Have

2 Tense


Day 2

9


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


Translate them into English:

1 D;k vferkHk rqedks tkurk gS \ Does Amitabh know you?

2 vjs ugha ;kj A oks eq>s ugha tkurkA ;?kfi eSa mldks tkurk gwWaA Oh! No my friend. He does not know me. Although I know him.

3 eSaus lkspk] rqe mldks tkurs gksA [kSj tkus nks I thought, you will be knowing him. Anyway leave it.

4 jk?kk eq>s tkurh gksxhA Radha will be knowing me.

5 vki D;k djrs gks \ Wht do you do?

6 vki dkSu lh Dykl esa i<rs gks \ In which class do you study.

7 eSa 10 oha Dykl esa i<rk gwaWA I study in Xth Class. OR I am in Xth Class.

8 eSa viuk dke [kRe dj pqdk gwaWA I have completed my work.

9 vc eSa dy vkmWxkA Now I will come tomorrow.

10 eSaus dy Hkh [kkuk [kk;k FkkA I had taken/eaten the food yesterday also.

11 D;k rqe lsc [kkrs gks \ Do you eat apple?

12 ughaA eSa lsc ugha [kkrk gWaA eq>s oks ilan ugha gSSA No, I don't eat apple, I don't like that.

13 D;k rqe esjs ?kj vk;s Fks \ Did you come at my home? OR Had you come at my home?

14 vc dc vkvksxs \ When will you come now?

15 oSls rqe D;k djrs gks \ By the way what do you do?

16 D;k rqe esjs lkFk [ksyksxs \ Will you play with me? OR Would you like to play with me

17 ugha! rqe csbZekuh djrs gksA No, you do the cheating.

18 D;k dgk\ eSa csbZekuh djrk gwWa \ What did you say? I do the cheating?

19 gk¡] eSa lp dg jgk gwWaA yeah, I am telling the truth.

20 rqeus eq>s csbZeku dgkA vc eSa rqEgkjs lkFk ugha [ksyqaxkA You called me cheater, now I will not play with you.

dgkuh%

dy eSa cktkj x;k Fkk ogk¡ eSaus ,d dqRrk ns[kkA og HkkSad jgk FkkA eq>s ugha irk og D;ksa HkkSad jgk FkkA exj og cgqr vPNk vkSj lqUnj yx jgk FkkA eSaaus lksPkk] dy eSa mls fQj ns[kqaxkA fQj eSa ?kj okil vk x;kA ikikth ?kj vk pqds FksA oks ugk jgs FksA eEeh [kkuk cuk jgh FkhA eEeh th us lwV iguk gqvk FkkA cM+k HkkbZ] jkt iyaax is cSBk FkkA vkt eSa vkWfQl ugha tkmaxk] D;ksafd ukukth ?kj vk, gq, gSaA oks gesa dgkuh lquk,axsA ukukth [kkuk Hkh idkuk tkurs gSaA ukuhth xk¡o esa jgrh gSaA oks ukukth dks cgwr fel dj jgha gksaxhA eSa ,d ckr vkSj vkils dguk pkgrk gw¡A esjk nksLr jfo] ,d yM+dh dks cgqr I;kj djrk FkkA og jkst mls xqykc fn;k djrk FkkA ij vc ml yM+dh dh 'kknh gks pqdh gSA ,d feuV] eSaus vkidks crkuk Hkwy x;kA vkt ukukth gesa nks iwNksa dh nks dgkuh lquk;saxsA

Story:

Yesterday, I had gone to the market, I saw a dog there. He was barking. I don't know why was he barking. But he was looking very good and beautiful. I thought, I will see him again tomorrow. then I came back to home. My Father had come to home. He was bathing. Mom was cooking. Mom was wearing the suit. Elder brother, Raj was sitting on the bed. Today I will not go to office beacuse my Grandpa had come. He will tell us a story. He also knows how to cook. Grandmother lives in Village. She will be missing grandfather very much. I want to tell you one more thing, my friend Ravi loved a girl very much. He used to give her a red rose daily. But now she has got married. One minute, I forgot to tell you that today Grandfather will tell us two stories of two tails.


10

Day 3


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


1 hour

Use of Has, Have, Had

Has

/Hav

e,

Had

, W

ill h

ave

igpku

Subject ds ikl fdlh oLrq ds gksus ;k ugha gksus ds fy,

Present eSa Past eSa Future eSa

Rules Has/Have do/does not + have

Had did not + have

Will have Will not have

Has

to,

Hav

e to

, H

ad t

o,

Will

hav

e to

igpku

tc Subject dks dksbZ dke etcqjh esa vFkok ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuq:i djuk

iM+rk gS iM+k @ iM+k Fkk iM+sxk

Rules has to/have to+ V1 Had to + V1 will have to + V1

is/A

m/A

re t

o, w

as

to,

Will

to, igpku

tc Subject dks dksbZ dke ethZ ls

djuk gS fd;k djuk iM+sxk

Rules is to/Am to/Are to + V1 was/were to + V1 will to + V1

Mostly we don't use is/am/are to, was/were to or will to. It is used very rare.

See below Example:

I have a car but he does not have. ➢

Sunita has a printer but I don’t know why she doesn’t have a computer. ➢

Why do I have car? What is the use of that for me? ➢

Till yesterday he had a bike but today he doesn’t have even a cycle. ➢

Hey you were rich person, why did you not have a car at that time? ➢

I think after three years he will have a car. ➢

I have given time to a girl so I am to go right now. ➢

I was to go for playing the cricket dear thatswhy I couldn’t meet you. ➢

I am very happy today. I am to go to meet my girlfriend first time. ➢

3 Use of Has, Have, Had


Day 3

11


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education



1 esjs ikl ,d dkj gSA I have a Car

2 rks D;k gqvk esjs ikl dkj vkSj eksVj lkbZdy nksauksa gSaA So what, I have car and bike both.

3 D;k jkt ds ikl Hkh dkj gS\ Does Raj also has car?

4 ugha jkt ds ikl dkj ugha gSA mlds ikl dkj Fkh ij mlus mls csp fn;kA vc mlds ikl ek=k lkbZdy gSA

No, Raj does not have car. He had car but he sold that. Now he has only a cycle.

5 rqe dkWyst dSls tkrs gks\ How do you go to college?

6 LdwVj lsA esjs ikl dkj ugha gS blfy, LdwVj ls tkuk iM+rk gSA By scooter, I don't have car thatswhy I have to go by scooter.

7 rqe D;k djrs gks\ What do you do?

8 eSa rks ukSdjh dj jgk gw¡A I am doing the job.

9 fdrus cts tkrs gks \ vkSSj fdrus cts vkrs gks \ At what time do you go and come back?

10 lqcgk ukS cts tkrk gw¡] N% cts okil vkrk gw¡A I go at 9am and come back at 6pm

11 ij dy rks rqe 9 cts ?kj vk;s FksA But you had come at 9pm yesterday.

12 gk¡ dy :duk iM+ x;k FkkA vpkud 'kke dks dqN dke vk x;k FkkA Yeah, I had to stay back yesterday due to some sudden work.

13 rqe Hkh rks dy dkWyst ls ysV vk, FksA You also had come late yesterday from college.

14 eq>s Hkh :duk iM+ x;k FkkA I also had to stay

15 [kSj dqN vkSj dgksA ?kj esa lc dSls gSaA Anyway, Say something else. How are everybody at home?

16 vHkh eq>s tkuk gSA ge dy ckr djsaxsA I have to now. We will talk tomorrow

17 dgk¡ tkuk gS \ Where do you have to go?

18 ,d yMdh dks Vkbe ns j[kk gSA og esjk bartkj dj jgh gksxhA oks vkt xqykch lwV esa vk,xhA

I have given time to a girl. She will be waiting for me. She will come in pink suit today.

19 Bhd gSA dy feyrs gSaA Ok fine. See you tomorrow.

20 ?;ku j[kuk] rqedks dy t:j vkuk gSA Keep remind/Don't forget, you have to come tomorrow defi-nitely.

dgkuh%

,d ckj eSa vesfjdk x;kA esjs ikj ek=k 2000@& :i;s Fks vkSj dqN [kkus dk lkeku FkkA eSa ogkWa tkuk ugha pkgrk Fkk ij eq>s tkuk iM+kA esjs ikl i;kZIr iSls Hkh ugha FksA eSa ogka 2 fnu :dk fQj okil vk x;kA

Story:

Once upon a time, I visited/went to America. I had only INR 2000 with some eatable things. I did not want to go there but I had to go. I didn't have sufficient money too. I stayed there for two days and then came back.


12

Day 4


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


1 hour 4 Modals

May 'kk;n

Might 'kk;n gh

Must t:j

igpku 'kk;n $ ldrk gS

'kk;n $ Wa ¼panz fcanw½ 'kk;n $ ekSle

'kk;n gh $ ldrk gS 'kk;n gh $ Wa ¼panz fcanw½ 'kk;n gh $ ekSle

t:j@vo'; $ pkfg,

Exam

ples

'kk;n eSa ogka tk¬ ➢

'kk;n ckfj'k gksA ➢

'kk;n oks xk ldrk gSA ➢

ijUrq%

'kk;n oks xkrk gSA ➢

og 'kk;n gh ;g dke dj ldrk gSA ➢

'kk;n gh eSa ogka tk¬ ➢

'kk;n gh ckfj'k gksA ➢

rqEgsa vo'; gh dkWyst tkuk pkfg,A ➢

mls ;krk;kr ds fu;eksa dk ikyu djuk ➢pkfg,A

I may go there. ➢

It may rain. ➢

He may sing. ➢

Perhaps he sings. ➢

He might do this work. ➢

I might go there. ➢

It might rain. ➢

You must go to college ➢

He must follow the traffic rules. ➢

Rules S – may – V1 – O S – might – V1 – O S – must – V1 – O

May be Might be Must be

igpku

ftu okD;ksa esa jgk gksxk] jgh gksxh] jgs gksaxs] [kM+k gksxk] cSBk gksxk] iguk gksxk] rk gksxk] rh gksxh] rs gksxs vkfn 'kCn vkrs gSa rks ogkWa budk use fd;k tkrk gS c'krsZ og okD; 'kk;n@'kk;n gh@t:j ls izkjaHk gksa vFkkZr

Future Continuous dh igpku esa vxj 'kk;n dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rks will be ds LFkku ij may be] 'kk;n gh dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rks might be] t:j ;k vo'; gh dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rks must be yxk;k tkrk gSA

Exam

ples

'kk;n rqe mls tkurs gksaxsA ➢

'kk;n og vkrh gksxh ➢

og 'kk;n gh [kM+h gksxhA ➢

mlus 'kk;n gh gksxh lwV iguk gksxkA ➢

og vo'; gh esjk bartkj dj jgh gksxhA ➢

You may be knowing her. ➢

She may be coming. ➢

She might be standing ➢

She might be wearing the suit ➢

She must be waiting for me. ➢

Rules S – may be – V1 – O S – might be – V1 – O S – must be – V1 – O

May have Might have Must have

igpku

ftu okD;ksa esa pqdk gksxk] pqdh gksxh] pqds gksaxs rFkk v/kwjs okD;ksa ds lkFk *gksxk^ vkrk gS ogkWa bu rhuksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA c'krsZ og okD; 'kk;n@'kk;n gh@vo'; ;k t:j ls izkjaHk gksa vFkkZr

Future Perfect dh igpku esa vxj 'kk;n dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rks will have ds LFkku ij may have] 'kk;n gh dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rks might have] t:j ;k vo'; gh dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rks must have yxk;k tkrk gSA

Exam

ples

og 'kk;n [kkuk cuk pqdh gksxhA ➢ og 'kk;n gh [kkuk cuk pqdh ➢gksxhA

og vo'; gh ogkWa igqWap pqdk gksxkA ➢

ijUrq%

og vo'; gh rqels I;kj djrh gksxh ➢

She may have cooked the ➢food.

She might have cooked the ➢food

She must have reached there. ➢

She must be loving you ➢

Rules S – may have – V1 – O S – might have – V1 – O S – must have – V1 – O


Day 4

13


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


can ldrk gS

could ldk

could have ldrk FkkA

;s lkekU;r% Subject dh ability n'kkZrs gSa

Exam

ples

eSa ogkaW tk ldrk gwWaA ➢

D;k rqe xk ldrs gks\ ➢

ijUrq%

D;k eS tk ldrk gwWa\ ➢

eSa ogkaW ugha tk ldk ➢

D;k rqe xk ugha lds\ ➢

eSa ogkaW tk ldrk Fkk ➢

eSa cpiu esa xk ldrk FkkA ➢

I can go there. ➢

Can you sing the song? ➢

But

May I go? ➢(It does not show ability, "May" is used also for asking permission.

I could not go there. ➢

could you not sing? ➢

I could have gone there. ➢

I could have sung in childhood. ➢

Rules S – can – V1 – O S – could – V1 – O S – could have – V3 – O

should pkfg,

should have `

Would like to pkgqWaxk] ilan d:axk] vPNk yxsxk

Exam

ples

eq>s mlls ckr djuh pkfg,A ➢ eq>a ogkWa tkuk pkfg, FkkA ➢ eSa flQZ mlh ls ckr djuk ilan d:axk ➢

vki D;k ysuk ilan djsaxs\ ➢eSa pk; ysuk ilan d:axkA

I should talk to him ➢ I should have gone there ➢ I would like to talk to her only. ➢

What would you like to take? ➢I would like to take tea.

Rules S – should – V1 – O S – should have – V3 – O S – would like to – V1 – O

Have you noticed that Modals are behaving like helping verbs. Yes.... Modals are also Helping Verb.


Day 4

14


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education



1 'kk;n eS diMs+ /kks ldrk gwww W aA I may wash the clothes.

2 eS 'kk;n gh diMs+ /kks ldrk gwww W aA I might wash the clothes

3 eS diMs+ /kks ldrk gwww W aA I can wash the clothes

4 vkt 'kk;n gh ckfj'k gksxhA It might rain

5 rqEgs eEeh ikik dk dguk ekuuk pkfg,A You should obey your parents

6 rqEgsa ;krk;kr ds fu;eksa dk ikyu djuk pkfg,A You must obey the traffic rules

7 'kk;n oks xkuk xkrk gSA May he sing.

8 'kk;n rqe mls tkurs gksaxsA You may be knowing him

9 'kk;n oks esjk bartkj dj jgh gksxhA She may be waiting for me

10 mlus 'kk;n lkMh iguh gksxhA She may be wearing the saree.

11 og vk pqdh gksxh She will have come

12 'kk;n oks vk pqdh gksxhA She may have come

13 oks 'kk;n gh vkbZ gksxhA She might have come

14 og 'kk;n [kkuk cuk pqdh gksxhA She may have cooked the food

15 vkt eEeh us [kkuk ugh cuk;k gksxkA Today mom will have not cooked the food

ckrphr%

ikikth] esjs ikl ,d dkj gSA eSa mls cspuk pkgrk gqWaA D;k eSa mls csp ldrk gwa\

Papaji, I have a car, I want to sell it. May I sell that?

D;ksa D;k gqvkA D;k dkj esa dksbZ [kjkch gS\ Why? What happend? Is there any problem in car?

ugha oks vktdy QS'ku esa ugha gSA eS ubZ dkj yqxkA No, that is not in fashion. I will buy new car

D;k rqe T;knk gh jbZl gks\ Aer you too much rich?

oks esjh dkj gSA eS mls cspqxkA vki eq>s ugha jksd ldrsA That is my car. I will sell that. You can not stop me.

rqe eq>ls cgl dj jgs gks\ ¼ikik us mls FkIiM+ ekj fn;k½ Are you arguing with me? (Dad slapped him)

vkius eq>s FkIiM+ ekjkA eSa eEeh ls f'kdk;r d:axkA You slapped me...I will complain to mom.

vPNk Bhd gSA rqe dkj csp ldrs gksA ij eEeh ls f'kdk;r ej djukA

Ok. Its fine. you can sell the car. But do't complain to mom.

eSa eEeh ls f'kdk;r dj ldrk Fkk] ij eSaus ugh dhA vkf[kj vki esjs ikik gksA

I could have complain to mother but I did not do. Afterall you are my father.


15

Day 5


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


1 hour5 Use of Few Most Used Words

igpku Rules

Willing to fny@eu@bPNk dj jgh gS@Fkk@gksxh These all six words are used only with continuous tense either in present, past or future.

It means we use in:

Present: is/am/arePast: was/werePerfect: will be

S – is/am/are – (1-6) – V1 – OS – was/were – (1-6) – V1 – OS – will be – (1-6) – V1 – O

Getting to ik jgk gq¡@Fkk@gksxk

About to okyk gS@Fkk@gksxk

Yet to ckdh gS@Fkk@gksxk

Able to leFkZ gS@Fkk@gksxk

supposed to mEehn dh tkrh gS@Fkh@gksxh

esjk pk; ihus dk fny dj jgk gS D;ksafd eq>s lnhZ yx jgh gSA ➢ I am willing to take tea because I am feeling cold. ➢

eSa Dykl esa loky ugha iqN ik jgk Fkk D;ksafd esjs ikl dksbZ loky ➢ugha FkkA

I was not getting to ask any question in the class because ➢I did not have any question.

esjk nksLr vkus okyk Fkk blfy, eSa ikVhZ esa ugha vk;kA ➢ My friend was about to come so I did not come in the ➢party.

rqe vaxsth ckyus esa leFkZ D;ksa ugha gks\ ➢ Why are you not able to speak English? ➢

eSa lcdqN lh[k pqdk gq¡ ijUrq ➢ Passive Sentence lh[kuk ckdh gSA I have learnt everything but I am yet to learn passive ➢sentences.

vkils mEehn dh tkrh gS fd vki bl dEiuh esa vaxzsth esa ckr djsaA ➢ You are suppossed to talk in English in this institute. ➢

ijUrq%

eSa Dykl esa loky ugha iqN ik;k@ldk D;ksafd esjs ikl dksbZ loky ➢ugha FkkA

I could not ask any question in the class because I did not ➢have any question.

esjk nksLr vk x;k Fkk blfy, eSa ikVhZ esa ugha vk ldkA ➢ I could not come in party beacuse my friend had come. ➢


Day 5

16


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


Translate into English:

D;k rqe vaxsth ugha cksy ik jgs gks\ Are you not getting to speak english?

eSa lcdqN lh[k pqdk gq¡ ijUrq Passive Sentence lh[kuk jg x;k gSA I have learnt everything but I am yet to learn passive sen-tences.

vkils mEehn ugha Fkh fd vki ;s xyrh djksxs You were not supposed to do this mistake.

EkkQ dhft, eSa vkidh ckr le> ugha ik jgk gw¡A D;k vki FkksM+k rst cksyasxs\

I am sorry, I am not getting to understand you. will/Could you please speak little bit loud.

esjk pk; ihus dk fny fd;k D;ksafd eq>s lnhZ yx jgh FkhA I was feeling cold thatswhy I was willing to take tea.

dgkuh%

D;k rqe tkurs gks nksLrks] dy iadt dh 'kknh Fkh\ mlus eq>s Hkh cqyk;k FkkA eSa ogk¡ tYnh tkuk pkgrk Fkk] ij tk ugha ldkA eSa ogka FkksMk ysV igqapkA lc igq¡p pqds Fks cl esjk vkSj fou; dk gh vkuk ckdh FkkA fou; Hkh vkus okyk FkkA iadt esjk bartkj dj jgk FkkA mlus dgk fd rq>ls ysV vkus dh mEehn ugha Fkh] rq>s ekjus dks eu dj jgk gSA eSaus dgk le>k dj ;kj] eSa le> ugha ik jgk Fkk fd eq>s D;k fx¶V [kjhnuk pkfg,A blhfy, eSa FkksM+k ysV gks x;kA

Story:Do you know friends, yesterday it was marriage of Pankaj. He had invited me too. I was willing to go there but could not go. I reached little bit late there. Everybody have reached, only me and Vinay were about to reach. Vinay was about to come. Pan-kaj was waiting for me. He told that you were not supposed to come late. I repliled, try to understand dear, I was not getting to identify that which gift I have to buy thatswhy I got late little bit.


Week At A GlAnce

Week 2

Day 10Day 9Day 8Day 7Day 6Keep/Remain and

Had BetterParticipals conditional

sentenceimaginary sentences

Passive Voice sentence

Keep

Remain

Had Better

Going to

Doubling or Same Words

Two Work Done by One Subject/Person

Double Future

Before/After

Double Future Conditional Sentence

Present Perfect and Future Ind. Conditional Sentence

Indefinite Imaginary Sentences

Continuous Imaginary Sentences

When to Use the Passive

Rules

Process to convert Active Sentence into Passive Sentence

18

Day 6


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


1 hour

Keep jgrk

Remain jg x;k

igpku tc drkZ viuh ethZ ls dksbZ dke djrk gSA tc drkZ vpkud ls dksbZ dke djrk jg tkrk gSA ftldk djuk [kqn

mlds o'k esa ugha gksrkA

Exam

ples

oks rks dEiuh dh rjQ ls vesfjdk tkrk jgrk gSA ➢

oks igys rks vkrk jgrk Fkk vc irk ugha D;ksa ugha ➢vkrkA

Ñik vkrs jfg;sxk ➢

th eSa vkrk jgqaxkA ➢

tc eSaus ml yMdh dks ns[kk rks eSa mls yMdh dks ns[krk jg x;k ➢

eSa lqcg ikdZ ugha vk ldk D;kssafd eSa lksrk jg x;k ➢

tc rqe mls ns[kksxs rks ns[krs jg tkvksxsA ➢

He keeps visiting to America from ➢company's side.

He kept visiting here but I don't know why ➢he does not come now.

Please keep visiting. ➢

Yeah sure, I will keep visiting ➢

When I saw her, I remained watching her. ➢

I could not come to park in the morning because I ➢remained sleeping.

When you see then you will remain watching. ➢

Rules ;s okD; dsoy Indefinite esa gh vkrs gSaPresent Indefinite

S – keep – V1 +ing – OPast Indefinite

S – kept– V1 +ing – OFuture Indefinite

S – will keep – V1 +ing – O

;s okD; dsoy Indefinite esa gh vkrs gSaPresent Indefinite

S – remain– V1 +ing – OPast Indefinite

S – remained– V1 +ing – OFuture Indefinite

S – remain – V1 +ing – O(Please note we have to still cross check that remaint is the second form of remain or not.)

6 Keep/Remain, Had Better, Going to


Day 6

19


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


Had BetterWe use “had better” plus the infinitive without “to” to give advice. Although “had” is the past form of “have”, we use “had better” to give advice about the present or future.

You'd better tell her everything. ➢

I had better get back to work. ➢

We had better meet early. ➢

The negative form is “had better not”.

You'd better not say anything. ➢

I had better not come. ➢

We had better not miss the start of his presentation. ➢

We use “had better” to give advice about specific situations, not general ones. If you want to talk about general situations, you must use “should”.

You should brush your teeth before you go to bed. ➢

I shouldn't listen to negative people. ➢

He should dress more appropriately for the office. ➢

When we give advice about specific situations, it is also possible to use “should”.

You shouldn't say anything. ➢

I should get back to work. ➢

We should meet early. ➢

However, when we use “had better” there is a suggestion that if the advice is not followed, that something bad will happen.

You'd better do what I say or else you will get into trouble. ➢

I'd better get back to work or my boss will be angry with me. ➢

We'd better get to the airport by five or else we may miss the flight. ➢

Going to Goint to is used for future. "Goint to" is used most often in spoken English.

We use 'going to' when we want to talk about a plan for the future.

I'm going to see him later today. ➢

They are going to launch it next month. ➢

We are going to have lunch first. ➢

She is going to see what she can do. ➢

I am not going to talk for very long. ➢

Notice that this plan does not have to be for the near future.

When I retire I'm going to go back to Barbados to live. ➢

In ten years time, I'm going to be boss of my own successful company. ➢

We use 'going to' when we want to make a prediction based on evidence we can see now.

Look out! That cup is going to fall off. ➢

Look at those black clouds. It's going to rain soon. ➢

These figures are really bad. We're going to make a loss. ➢

You look very tired. You're going to need to stop soon. ➢

She's going to the exhibition tomorrow. ➢


20

Day 7


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


1 hour

Doubling of same Wordings

ig% ,d gh 'kCn dk yxkrkj nks ckj vkukA tSls%

[kkrs&[kkrs] [ksyrs&[ksyrs] ugkrs&ugkrs---

Ex: eSaus [kkuk [kkrs&[kkrs rqels ckr dhA ➢

mlus [ksyrs&[ksyrs vkbZlØhe [kkbZA ➢

I talked to you eating. ➢

He ate icecream playing. ➢

Rules Tense – V1 + ing

two Work Done by one subject/Person

ig% ,d gh Subject/Person n¤kjk ,d dke [kRe djds nwljk dke djukA tSls% [kkdj] [ksydj

Ex: eSaus [kkuk [kkdj rqels ckr dhA ➢

mlus [ksydj vkbZlØhe [kkbZA ➢

I talked to you having eaten the food. ➢

He ate icecream having played. ➢

Rules Tense – having – V3

Double Future

ig% nks dke tks nkuksa gh vHkh gksus gSaA vkSj ftUgs nks vyx&vyx Subject/Person n¤kjk fd;k tk,xkk%

Ex:

rqEgkjs tkus ds ckn eSa [kkuk [kkmaxkA ➢

mlds dqN dgus ls igys eSa lcdqN dg nqaxkA ➢

D;k og esjs tkus ds ckn eq>s ;kn djsxh\ ➢

I will take food after you go. ➢

I will say everything before she says something ➢

Will she remember me after I go? ➢

Rules Future Indefinite Tense – after/before –Present Inedifinite

Before/After

Before : igys ds fy,] After: ckn ds fy,

Exam

ples

rqEgkjs [kkus ds ckn oks [kkuk [kkrk gSA ➢

M+kDVj ds vkus ls igys ejht ej pqdk FkkA ➢

eSaus [kkuk [kkus ds ckn rqels ckr dhA ➢

mlus [ksyus ds igys vkbZlØhe [kkbZA ➢

He takes the food after you take. ➢

Patient had died befor doctor came. ➢

I talked to you after having eaten ➢

He ate icecream before playing. ➢

Rules Tense for Ist completed work – before –Tense for IInd completed work

Tense for IInd completed work – after–Tense for Ist completed work

Remember: Before and After ds ckn verb vkus ij ges'kk V1 + ing dk use fd;k tkrk gSA

7 Participals


21

Day 8


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


1 hour8 Conditional Sentence

ftu okD;ksa esa if ¼;fn@vxj½ vkrk gS rks oks okD; Conditional Sentences dgykrs gSaA

Double Future sentences,sls okD; tks nksuksa gh future esa dk;Z djsaxs mUgsa Doble Future Conditional Sentences dgk tkrk gSA tSls%

vxj og ugha vk;sxh rks eSa [kkuk ugha [kkm¡xkkA ➢ If she does not come then I will not eat. ➢

vxj rqe [kkuk [kkvksxh rks eSa Hkh [kkm¡xkkA ➢ If you eat the food then I will also eat. ➢

vxj oks dke ughs djsxk rks eSa Hkh ugha d:axkA ➢ If he does not work then I will also not work ➢

Rules:

If – Present Indefinite – then – Future Indiefinite

;gk¡ igys gksus okys dke dks Present Indiefinite esa vkSj ckn esa gksus okys dke dks Future Indefinite esa cuk;k tkrk gS

Remember:

1. Conditional Sentence can be positive or negative only. These can never be in Interrogative or Interrogative Negative.

2. If ds lkFk dHkh Hkh will ugha yxk;k tkrkA If ds lkFk okD; ges'kk Present Tense esa gh cuk;k tkrk gSA

if in a conditional sentence, one is Present Perfect and iind is Future indefinite

vxj og vk pqdh gksxh rks eSa [kkuk ugha [kkm¡xkA ➢ If she has come then I will not eat. ➢

vxj rqe [kkuk [kk pqdh gksxh rks eSa ugha [kkm¡xkA ➢ If you have taken the food then I will not eat. ➢

vxj mlus dke [kRe dj fn;k gksxk rks eSa dke ugha d:axk k ➢ If he has finished the work then I will not work ➢

Same Rules:

If – Present Perfect – then – Future Indiefinite

;gk¡ igys iwjk gksus okys dke dks Present Perfect esa vkSj ckn esa gksus okys dke dks Future Indefinite esa cuk;k tkrk gS


22

Day 9


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


2 hour 9 Imaginary Sentences (dYiukRed okD;)

1. indefinite imaginary sentences

dqN Sentences ,sls gksrs gSa ftudk ;FkkFkZ esa gksuk eqefdu ugha gksrkA ftudk gksuk ;k uk gksuk ek=k Past esa gh eqefdu FkkA ,sls gh okD; Imaginary Sentences dgykrs gSaA tSls%

vxj eSa jktk gksrk rks esjs ikl dkj gksrhA ➢

vxj eSa [kM+k jgrk rks og ugha tkrhA ➢

;fn eSaus dke [kRe fd;k gksrk rks esjh Dykl ugha yxrhA ➢

bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd bl rjgk ds okD;ksa esa nksauks gh okD; Past esa gksrs gSaA

We can differentiate these conditional sentences in four categories:

inde

finit

e im

agin

ary

sent

ence

s ist sentence rk

iind sentence rk

igpku

Were

Subject [kqn dqN gksrkWould + V1

;gk¡ nksauks gh Imaginary Sentences rk] rs ij [kRe gksrs gSaA

Had

Subject ds ikl dqN gksrk Would + V1

Had to + V1

Subject dks dqN djuk iM+rk Would + V1

Had + V3

Subject dqN djrk@fd;k gksrkA Would + have + V3

Examples:

vxj eSa 'kkg:[k [kku gksrk rks vkt eSa ;gk¡ bl dEiuh esa ugha ➢i<+krkA

If I were Sharukh Khan then I would not teach here in this ➢Institute.

vxj rqEgkjs ikl iSlk gksrk rks rqe vesfjdk esa fdrus edku ➢[kjhnrs\

If you had money then how many houses would you buy ➢in America?

vxj eq>s Dykl djuh iM+rh rks eSa 8 cts ds ckn Dykl ysrkA ➢ If I had to take the class then I would take after 8 O’clock. ➢

vxj rqe [kkuk [kkdj tkrs rks rqEgsa Hkw[k ugha yxrhA ➢ If you had gone having taken food, you would not have got ➢hunger.

vxj rqe vanj vkus ls igys iwN ysrs rks lj rqedks ugha Mk¡VrsA ➢ If you had asked before enter, sir would not have scolded ➢you.


Day 9

23


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


2. indefinite + continous imaginary sentences ([kM+k] cSBk] jgk] iguk $ gksrk)

;fn nks okD;ksa esa igyk Indefinite vkSj nwljk okD; Continuous esa gks rks uhps fn;s x;s pkVZ ds vuqlkj igys okD; esa Indefinite ds Rules Apply gksaxs vkSj nwljs Continuous okD; esa Rules Indefinite ls Continuous esa convert gks tk;saxsA tSlk fd arrow (↓) ls indicate fd;k gqvk gSA

ind

+ co

ntin

uuos

im

agin

ary

sent

ence

s ist sentence rk

iind sentence jgk gksrk

igpku

Were

Subject [kqn dqN gksrk

Would + V1

↓would be + ing

;gk¡ igyk Imaginary Sentences rk] rs ij [kRe gksrk gS ,oa nwljk jgk] [kM+k] cSBk] iguk gksrk (Continuous) ij [kRe gksrk gSA

Had

Subject ds ikl dqN gksrk

Would + V1

↓would be + ing

Had to + V1

Subject dks dqN djuk iM+rk

Would + V1

↓ would be + ing

Had to + V1

Subject dqN djrk@fd;k gksrkA

Would + have + V3

↓ would be + ing

Examples:

vxj eSa 'kkg:[k [kku gksrk rks vkt eSa bl dEiuh esa ugha i<+k ➢jgk gksrkA

If I were Sharukh Khan then I would not be teaching in ➢this company.

vxj rqEgkjs ikl iSlk gksrk rks rqe vesfjdk esa fdrus edku ➢cuok jgs gksrs\

If you had money then how many houses would you be ➢getting constructed in America?

vxj rqEgsa [kkuk cukuk iM+rk rks eSa [kkuk cuk jgk gksrkA ➢ If I had to cook the food then I would be cooking. ➢

vxj eSa [ksyrk rks eSa dsoy rqEgkjs lkFk [ksy jgk gksrkA ➢ If I had played then I would be playing with you only. ➢

bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd Continuous Case esa ge Would ds lkFk be + V1+ing yxkrs gSaA


Day 9

24


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


3. continuous + continous imaginary sentences ([kM+k] cSBk] jgk] iguk $ gksrk)

;fn nksuksa okD; Continuous esa gks rks uhps fn;s x;s pkVZ ds vuqlkj igys okD; esa Rules Indefinite ls Continuous esa convert gks tk;saxsA tSlk fd arrow (↓) ls indicate fd;k gqvk gSA

cont

+ c

ont ist sentence

jgk] [kM+k] iguk gksrkiist sentence

jgk] [kM+k] iguk gksrk

Had + V3

↓Had been + V1+ing

Would + have + V3

↓ would have been + V1+ing

Examples:

vxj eSa [kM+k gksrk rks rqe cSBs gksrsA ➢ If I had been standing, you would have been sitting ➢

vxj eSaus 'kknh esa lwV iguk gksrk rks rqeus Hkh lwV iguk ➢gksrk

If I had been wearing the suit in the marriage, you would have ➢been also wearing the suit.

D;ksafd would have ds case esa have ds ckn IIIrd form gh vkrh gS blfy, ogk¡ been yxkdj V1 + ing use djrs gSaA

vc vki iqNksxs fd Indefinite esa rks vkSj Hkh Option Fks oks ;gka D;ksa ugha fy,A rks tjk lkspks D;k ;s laHko gS fd oks continuous esa cu ldsa\ fnekx nksMkvks vkSj ,d ,slk sentence cuk ds fn[kkvksA

4. When only one imaginary sentence come...

dk'k! eSa mlls vius fny dh ckr dg ikrkA ➢

dk'k! eq>s oks ukSdjh fey xbZ gksrhA ➢

dk'k! eSaus oks esy i< fy;k gksrk ➢

bl rjg ds okD;ksa ds var esa lkekU;r% rk] rh] rs gh vkrk gSA

rk] rh] rs would + have + V3

ckdh dks according the tense cuk;k tkrk gSA

Examples:

dk'k! eSa mlls vius fny dh ckr dg ikrkA ➢ Alas! I would have expressed my feelings ➢

dk'k! eq>s oks ukSdjh fey xbZ gksrhA ➢ Alas! I would have got that job. ➢

dk'k! eSaus oks esy i< fy;k gksrk ➢ Alas! I would have read that mail. ➢

;gk¡ igyk okD; “Indefinite Imaginary Sentence” ds case ds IInd Rule ds according curk gSA


Day 9

25


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


inde

finit

e im

agin

ary

sent

ence

s ist sentence rk

iind sentence rk

igpku

Were

Subject [kqn dqN gksrkWould + V1

;gk¡ nksauks gh Imaginary Sentences rk] rs ij [kRe gksrs gSaA

Had

Subject ds ikl dqN gksrk Would + V1

Had to + V1

Subject dks dqN djuk iM+rk Would + V1

Had + V3

Subject dqN djrk@fd;k gksrkA Would + have + V3

ind

+ co

ntin

uuos

im

agin

ary

sent

ence

s ist sentence rk

iind sentence jgk gksrk

igpku

Were

Subject [kqn dqN gksrk

Would + V1

Change towould be + ing


Had

Subject ds ikl dqN gksrk

Would + V1

Change towould be + ing

Had to + V1

Subject dks dqN djuk iM+rk

Would + V1

Change to would be + ing

Had to + V1

Subject dqN djrk@fd;k gksrkA

Would + have + V3

Change to would be + ing

cont

+ c

ont ist sentence

jgk] [kM+k] iguk gksrkiist sentence

jgk] [kM+k] iguk gksrkigpku

Had + V3

↓Had been + V1+ing

Would + have + V3

Change to would have been + V1+ing



26

Day 10


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


2 hour 10 Passive Voice Sentence

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, that who is performing the action"

When to Use the Passiveto change the focus of a sentence.

Active = "The doctor gave me a prescription"

Passive: I was given a prescription" ➢

In the first sentence, the focus is on 'the doctor'. In the second sentence, the focus is on 'I'.

if we don't know who does an action.

My bicycle has been stolen. ➢

I don't know who has stolen it.

if we don't want to say who did something.

The lights were left on all night." ➢

I don't want to say that you left the lights on. Although we know who did it but we don't want to take his name out.

if it is obvious who does something.

I was given a prescription. ➢

He was arrested. ➢

We know that only doctors give prescriptions, so we don't need to add "by the doctor". and only the police arrest people, so we don't need to add "by the police".

So "Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, that who is performing the action".

These sentences are used in Newspaper very much. Because in maximum crime it is not identified that who has done that crime. See below examples:

Businessman was murdered ➢

Bike has been stolen ➢

He was beaten on the road ➢

7 members of a family were killed ➢

He was arrested ➢


Day 10

27


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


RulesWe can categories Tense in three categories: Past, Present and Future.

Present Past Future

inde

finit

e

igpku

;k $ tkrk gS] tkrh gS] tkrs gS v/kwjs okD; x;k ¼gS@Fkk½ xk] xh] xs $ gksxk] gksxh

Rules

V1 + s/es, do/does + V1

Change to

is/am/are + V3

V2, Did + V1

Change to

was/were + V3

Will + V1

Change to

Will be + V3

cont

inuo

us igpku tk;k tk jgk gS] jgh gS] jgs gSa

[kM+k fd;k] cSBk;k] iguk;k $ gStk;k tk jgk Fkk] jgh Fkk] jgs Fkk [kM+k fd;k] cSBk;k] iguk;k $ Fkk

tk;k tk jgk gksxk] jgh gksxk] jgs gksaxs [kM+k fd;k] cSBk;k] iguk;k $ gksxk

rk gksxk] rh gksxk] rs gksxs

Rules

is/am/are + V1 (ing)

Change to

Is/am/are being + V3

was/were + V1 (ing)

Change to

was/were being

will be + V1 (ing)

Change to

will being

Perf

ect igpku tk;k tk $ v/kwjs okD; $ gS

tk;k tk $ pqdk gS] pqdh gS] pqds gSa

tk;k tk $ v/kwjs okD; $ Fkk tk;k tk $ pqdk Fkk] pqdh Fkh] pqds

Fks

tk;k tk $ v/kwjs okD; $ gksxk tk;k tk $ pqdk gksxk] pqdh gksxh] pqds gksaxs

Rules

has/have + V3

Change to

has been + V3

had + V3

Change to

had been + V3

will have + V3

Change to

Will have been + V3

Modals (can, may, should...

Change to

Modals be + V3

(can be, should be, may be...)

Process to convert Active sentence into Passive sentenceFirstly, you need to make the Object into the new Subject.

me – Iyou – Youhim / her – He / Sheus – Wethem – TheyNoun – Noun (Name to Name)

Then you make the verb passive according to the table given above. Use IIIrd Form of verb always when you are making a sentence "passive sentence"

When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:

the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence ➢

the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle) ➢

the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped) ➢


Day 10

28


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


Now see below wxamples of Passive Level:

tense subject Verb objectPresent Indefinite Active: Preeti writes a letter.

Passive: A letter is written by Preeti.Past Indefinite Active: Preeti wrote a letter.

Passive: A letter was written by Preeti.Future Indefinite Active: Preeti will write a letter.

Passive: A letter will be written by Preeti.

Present Continuous Active: Preeti is writing a letter.Passive: A letter is being written by Preeti.

Past Continuous Active: Preeti was writing a letter.Passive: A letter was being written by Preeti.

Future Continuous Active: Preeti will be writing a letter.Passive: A letter will being written by Preeti.

Present Perfect Active: Preeti has written a letter.Passive: A letter has been written by Preeti.

Past Perfect Active: Preeti had written a letter.Passive: A letter had been written by Preeti.

Future Perfect Active: Preeti will have written a letter.Passive: A letter will have been written by Preeti.

Modals Active: Preeti can write a letter.Passive: A letter can be written by Preeti.

Conditional Sentence I Active: Preeti would write a letter.Passive: A letter would be written by Preeti.

Conditional II Active: Preeti would have written a letter.Passive: A letter would have been written by Preeti.

Examples of Passive Level: upper intermediate

Passive Sentences with Two Objects Level: intermediate

Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.

subject Verb object 1 object 2Active: Preeti wrote a letter to me.Passive: A letter was written to me by Preeti.Passive: I was written a letter by Preeti.


Day 10

29


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


see these Examples too

They build houses. – Houses are built. ➢

he says – it is said (by him) :- by him either could be hidden or visible) ➢

Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. German, Latin). In English, Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception (e. g. say, think, know).

They say that women live longer than men. – It is said that women live longer than men (by them). ➢

Although Impersonal Passive is possible here, Personal Passive is more common.

They say that women live longer than men. – Women are said to live longer than men. ➢

The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning of the sentence; the verb of perception is put into passive voice. The rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with ‘to’ (certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped).


Week At A GlAnce

Week 3

Day 15Day 14Day 13Day 12Day 11Vocabulary Exercise

Verb with Three Forms

Hindi Meaning

Exercise

Week At A GlAnce

31

1 hour

Day 11


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


11 Vocabulary Exercise

Verb iind Form iiird Form with "ing" Meaning in Hindiarise arose arisen arising tkxuk] p<uk

awake awoke awoken awaking txk gqvk

be was/were been being gksuk

bear bore born, borne bearing ogu djuk

beat beat beaten beating ihVuk

become became become becoming gksuk

begin began begun beginning 'kq: djuk

bend bent bent bending >qduk] eqMk gqvk] ?kqeko

bet bet bet betting 'krZ yxkuk

bid bid, bade bid, bade bidding cksyh

bind bound bound binding cka/kuk

bite bit bitten biting dkVuk

bleed bled bled bleeding [kwu cguk

blow blew blown blowing Qawd ekjuk] gok pyuk

break broke broken breaking rksM+uk

breed bred bred breeding tUe nsuk fxo cFkZ

bring brought brought bringing ykuk

broadcast broadcast broadcast broadcasting izlkj.k djuk

build built built building cuokuk

burn burned, burnt burned, burnt burning tyuk

burst burst burst bursting QV tkuk

buy bought bought buying [kjhnuk

cast cast cast casting Hkwfedk nsuk

catch caught caught catching idM+uk

choose chose chosen choosing pquuk

cling clung clung clinging yxk jguk] fyiVuk

come came come coming vkus okyk

cost cost cost costing ykxr

creep crept crept creeping ljduk] jsaxuk

cut cut cut cutting dkVuk

deal dealt dealt dealing ysu nsu djuk

dig dug dug digging [kksnuk

dive dived, dove dived diving Mqcdh ekjuk

do did done doing djuk


Day 11

32


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


Verb iind Form iiird Form with "ing" Meaning in Hindidraw drew drawn drawing fpf=kr djuk

dream dreamed, dreamt dreamed, dreamt dreaming liuk

drink drank drunk drinking ihuk %& 'kjkc

drive drove driven driving pykuk ¼xkM+h½

dwell dwelt dwelt dwelling fopkj djuk

eat ate eaten eating [kkuk

fall fell fallen falling fxjuk

feed fed fed feeding iks"k.k djuk

feel felt felt feeling eglwl djuk

fight fought fought fighting yM+kbZ

find found found finding <aw<uk

fit fitted, fit fit fitting vuq:i gksuk

flee fled fled fleeing nwj jguk

fling flung flung flinging fc[ksjuk

flow flowed flowed flowing cguk

fly flew flown flying mM+uk

forbid forbade forbidden forbidding euk djuk

forecast forecast, forecasted forecast, forecasted forecasting Hkfo";ok.kh djuk

forego, forgo forewent foregone forgoing NksM+uk

forget forgot forgotten forgetting Hkwyuk

forgive forgave forgiven forgiving ekQ djuk

forsake forsook forsaken forsaking NksM+ nsuk

freeze froze frozen freezing teuk

get got got getting feyuk

give gave given giving nsuk

go went gone going tkuk

grab grabbed grabbed grabbing idM+uk

grind ground ground grinding ihluk

grow grew grown growing mxkkuk] rjDdh djuk

hang hung hung hanging yVdkuk

hang (kill) hanged hanged hanging yVdkuk] Qaklh

have had had having gksuk] j[kuk

hear heard heard hearing lquuk

hide hid hidden hiding Nqikuk

hit hit hit hitting ekjuk

hold held held holding idMs jguk

hurt hurt hurt hurting fny dks pksV igqapuk

keep kept kept keeping j[kuk


Day 11

33


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


Verb iind Form iiird Form with "ing" Meaning in Hindikneel knelt knelt kneeling ?kqVus Vsduk

knit knitted knitted knitting cquuk

know knew known knowing tkuuk

lay laid laid laying fyVk nsuk

lead led led leading usrZRo djuk

lean leaned, leant lean, leant leaning lgkjk ysuk

leap leapt leapt leaping mNyuk

learn learned, learnt learned, learnt learning lh[kuk

leave left left leaving NksM+uk

lend lent lent lending nku nsuk

let let let letting tkus nsuk

lie lay lain lying >wB

light lighted, lit lighted, lit lighting jks'kuh

lose lost lost losing [kksuk

make made made making cukuk

mean meant meant meaning eryc gksuk

meet met met meeting feyuk

misspell misspelled, misspelt misspelled, misspelt misspelling xyr spellingmistake mistook mistaken mistaking xyrh

mow mowed mowed, mown mowing ?kkl dkVuk

overcome overcame overcome overcoming dkcw ikuk

overdo overdid overdone overdoing vfr djuk

overtake overtook overtaken overtaking vkxs fudy tkuk

overthrow overthrew overthrown overthrowing r[rk iyV nsuk

pay paid paid paying pqdkuk

plead pleaded, pled pleaded, pled pleading cgl djuk

prove proved proved, proven proving lkfcr djuk

put put put putting j[kuk

quit quit, quitted quit, quitted quitting NksM+ nsuk

read read read reading i<uk

rid rid, ridded rid ridding NqVdkjk ikuk

ride rode ridden riding lokjh

ring rang rung ringing ctkuk] vaxwBh

rise rose risen rising p<uk

run ran run running Hkkxuk

saw sawed sawn sawing vkjk pyuk

say said said saying dguk

see saw seen seeing ns[kuk


Day 11

34


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


Verb iind Form iiird Form with "ing" Meaning in Hindiseek sought sought seeking ryk'k djuk

sell sold sold selling cspuk

send sent sent sending Hkstuk

set set set setting cSBkuk

sew sewed sewed/sewn sewing Vkaduk

shake shook shaken shaking >d>ksjuk

shave shaved shaved, shaven shaving gtker djuk

shear sheared sheared, shorn shearing VwV tkuk

shed shed shed shedding QSykuk

shine shone shone shining peduk

shoe shod shod shoeing twrk iguuk

shoot shot shot shooting xksyh pykuk

show showed shown showing fn[kkok

shrink shrank shrunk shrinking fldksM+uk

shut shut shut shutting can djuk

sing sang sung singing xkuk

sink sank sunk sinking de djuk

sit sat sat sitting cSBuk

slay slew slain slaying eku Mkyuk

sleep slept slept sleeping lksuk

slide slid slid sliding fQlyuk

sling slung slung slinging yVdkuk

slit slit slit slitting njkj djuk] phjuk

smell smelled, smelt smelled, smelt smelling lqa?kuk

smite smote smitten smitting d"V nsuk

sow sowed Sown sowing jksiuk

speak spoke spoken speaking cksyuk

speed speeded, sped speeded, sped speeding xfr

spell spelled, spelt spelled, spelt spelling 'kCn cukuk

spend spent spent spending xqtkjuk

spill spilled, spilt spilled, spilt spilling QSy tkuk

spin spun spun spinning lwr dkruk

spit spat spat spitting mxy nsuk] Fkwduk

split split split splitting VqdM+s djuk

spoil spoiled, spoilt spoiled, spoilt spoiling cjckn djuk

spread spread spread spreading fc[ksjuk

spring sprang sprung springing izdV djuk

stand stood stood standing [kM+k gksuk


Day 11

35


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


Verb iind Form iiird Form with "ing" Meaning in Hindisteal stole stolen stealing pksjh djuk

stick stuck stuck sticking tksM+uk] fpidkuk

sting stung stung stinging Mluk]

stink stank stunk stinking cncw ekjuk

stride strode stridden striding yacs dne j[kuk

strike struck struck striking gM+rky

string strung strung stringing rkj yxkuk

strive strove striven striving tksj yxkuk

swear swore sworn swearing opu nsuk

sweep swept swept sweeping >kMw yxkuk

swell swelled swollen swelling fudyuk

swim swam swum swimming rSjuk

swing swung swung swinging yVduk

take took taken taking ysuk

teach taught taught teaching i<kuk

tear tore torn tearing QkM+uk

tell told told telling dguk

think thought thought thinking lkspuk

thrive thrived, throve thrived thriving Qyuk

throw threw thrown throwing Qasduk

thrust thrust thrust thrusting <dsyuk]

tread trod trodden treading jkLrk cukuk

understand understood understood understanding le>uk

uphold upheld upheld upholding cuk;s j[kuk

upset upset upset upsetting nq%[kh

wake woke woken, waked waking tkx iMuk

wear wore worn wearing iguuk

weave wove woven weaving diMk cukuk] cqukbZ djuk

wed wed, wedded wed, wedded wedding fookn djuk

weep wept wept weeping jksuk

win won won winning thruk

wind wound wound winding ?kweuk

withhold withheld withheld withholding jksd dj j[kuk

withstand withstood withstood withstanding lgu djuk

wring wrung wrung wringing :i fcxkkMuk

write wrote written writing fy[kuk


Day 11

36


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


Verb iind Form iiind Form with "ing" Meaning in Hindiadd added added adding tksM+ djuk

advise advised advised advising mins'k nsuk

agree agreed agreed agreeing ,der gksuk

allow allowed allowed allowing Lohdkj djuk

appear appeared appeared appearing is'k gksuk

arrange arranged arranged arranging dze ls yxkuk

arrive arrived arrived arriving igapuk

behave behaved behaved behaving orkZo

breathe breathed breathed breathing lkal ysuk

care cared cared caring ns[kHkky djuk

carry carried carried carrying yknuk

cause caused caused causing dkj.k gksuk

change changed changed changing cny tkuk

close closed closed closing can djuk

compare compared compared comparing rqyuk djuk

complete completed completed completing [kRe gksuk

continue continued continued continuing tkjh j[kuk

copy copied copied copying udy mrkjuk

cry cried cried crying foyki djuk

dance danced danced dancing ukpuk

die died died dying ejuk

divide divided divided dividing ckaVuk

drop dropped dropped dropping fxjuk] cwan

escape escaped escaped escaping cpuk

fit fitted fitted fitting vuq:i gksuk

hand handed handed handing idM+k nsuk

hang (person) hanged hanged hanging yVdkuk

hope hoped hoped hoping vk'kk] mEehn

hurry hurried hurried hurrying tYnh

join joined joined joining tqM+uk

jump jumped jumped jumping mNyuk

laugh laughed laughed laughing galuk

live lived lived living xqtj djuk

marry married married marrying 'kknh djuk

reply replied replied replying tokc nsuk

show showed showed showing fn[kkuk

stop stopped stopped stopping :duk

study studied studied studying i<uk


Day 11

37


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


Verb iind Form iiind Form with "ing" Meaning in Hinditalk talked talked talking ckr djuk

tie tied tied tying xkaB yxkuk

try tried tried trying dksf'k'k djuk

use used used using mi;ksx esa ykuk

wait waited waited waiting bartkj djuk

Verb iind Form iiind Form with "ing" Meaning in Hindiburst burst burst bursting QwVuk

cost cost cost costing dher

cut cut cut cutting de djuk] dkVuk

hit hit hit hitting okj djuk

hurt hurt hurt hurting fny dks PkksV igqpkuk

let let let letting tkus nks

put put put putting Mkyuk

read read read reading i<uk

set set set setting yxuk

shut shut shut shutting can djuk

split split split splitting QkMuk

spread spread spread spreading QSykuk


38

1 hour

Day 12


Education

BIOTICS.IN


Education


1 lwjt iwjc ls mxrk gSA Sun rises from the Eease.

2 og 4 cts lksdj mBrk gSA He arise at 4am.

3 vjs okg! Qwy mx x;kA Wow! Flower arose.

4 eS txk gqvk gwa ekaA vc eSa lks;k gqvk ugha gwaA I have awoken mom. I am not askeep now.

5 ckyj us viuh ckfyax ls csVLeSu dks gSjku vFkkZr chV dj fn;k Boller Beat Batsman by his bolling.

6 ikbi ds fy, ,d ?kqeko [kjhn ykA Buy a band for pipe

7 eSa 'krZ yxk ldrk gwa ;s dke rqeus ugha fd;kA I can bet that you have not done this work.

8 mls ikus ds fy, eSaus viuh iwjh ftUnxh nkao ij yxk nhA I spoil my whole life for her

9 og fdrkcksa is ftYn p<krk gSA He is a binder

10 lkjh ydfM;ksa dks cka?k nksA Bind all the sticks.

11 D;k rq>s irk gS dy jes'k dks dqRrs us dkV fy;kA Do you know? A dog bit Ramesh yesterday

12 okg! fdruh BaMh gok py jgh gS Wow! What a cool blowing.

13 mlus yMdh dks tUe fn;kA She gave birth a baby girl

14 bl eSp dsk izlkj.k lSV eSDl is fd;k tk;sxkA This match will be broadcast on Sat Max

15 eq>s iSlksa dh l[r t:jr gS D;ksfd eq>s edku cuokuk gSA I need money so much as I have to build the home.

16 eSa cpiu esa jke dh Hkwfedk djrk FkkA I used to play role/cast of Ram

17 D;k /khjs /khjs jsax jgk gS tYnh py uk ;kjA What are you creeping. Go fast dear.

12 Exercises



Education

BIOTICS.IN

Thanks

Written and Composed by

Deepak Aggarwal Trainer

K-123, Street No.-11, Sombazar Road, Rajapuri, Uttam Nagar, N.D.- 59 (Opp Dwarka Sec-4) Phone: +91 9899123045 e-Mail: [email protected] website: www.biotics.in

[email protected]

www.biotics.in

BIOTICS...6 Day 1 Typesetting Training for Professionals B i o t i c s E d u c a ti o n BI O TICS...

Documents

Transcript of BIOTICS...6 Day 1 Typesetting Training for Professionals B i o t i c s E d u c a ti o n BI O TICS...