Biotechnology & Genetic

EngineeringChapter 13

Learning Goals

• 1. Summarize the two steps of Genetic Engineering, explaining each of the sub steps.

• 2. Explain at least two ways that genetic engineering is used in our lives.

Selective Breeding

• We decide who breeds to select traits we want

Genetic Engineering

• Making changes in the DNA code of a living organism– Step 1: Genetic Manipulation– Step 2: Cell Transformation

Step 1: Genetic Manipulation• Scientists use their

knowledge of DNA structure to study and change DNA. – 1. DNA extraction

• DNA is separated from DNA is separated from the rest of the cell.the rest of the cell.

– 2. Cutting the DNA• Restriction enzymes Restriction enzymes

cut DNA into smaller cut DNA into smaller fragments fragments so it is so it is easier to easier to study/analyze.study/analyze.

– 3. Making copies• Polymerase chain reaction is used to make

many copies of a particular gene

– 4. Making Recombinant DNA• Pieces of DNA from one organism are

attached to the DNA of another organism

Step 2: Cell Transformation

• Foreign DNA is inserted into a cell– 1. Take gene and put it into a different

cell• Use a bacteria plasmidbacteria plasmid or a virusvirus to

“deliver” gene to new cell

– 2. New “HostHost” cell will follow the DNA instructions of the inserted gene

– 3. Can be used to make important cell products or give organism new traits

Applications of Genetic Engineering

• Genetically-modified Organisms Genetically-modified Organisms : an organism that contains some genes from another species – Useful ApplicationsUseful Applications:

• 1. Making medicines• 2.Genetically-modified foods• 3.Other Applications

• 1. Making Medicines– Cells make important protein products

that people with diseases need

– EX: Insulin for Diabetes– EX: Human Growth Hormone – EX: Blood clotting factors

• 2. Genetically-modified foods– Produce BIGGER foods– Feed more people– Disease & pest resistant– Frost resistant

• 3. Other applications

Pet “Glo” Fish

Glow-in-the-Dark

Bunnies & Mice

Cloning

• Dolly the Sheep

Copy Cat:Clone your favorite dead pet!

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Genetic Ethics

• People have strong feelings about genetic engineering.

• What do you think about what you have just learned?– Turn to your partner and share one idea.

Learning Goals

• 1. Summarize the two steps of Genetic Engineering, explaining each of the sub steps.

• 2. Explain at least two ways that genetic engineering is used in our lives.