Biosolids Regulatory Compliance 2004 Joint RMSAWWA/RMWEA Annual Conference September 12-15, 2004...
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Transcript of Biosolids Regulatory Compliance 2004 Joint RMSAWWA/RMWEA Annual Conference September 12-15, 2004...
BiosolidsBiosolidsRegulatory ComplianceRegulatory Compliance
2004 Joint RMSAWWA/RMWEAAnnual Conference
September 12-15, 2004
Wesley Carr, Environmental Protection Specialist
CDPHE/WQCD
Why do weNeed
BiosolidsRegulation?
Biosolids RegulationBiosolids Regulation
Biosolids Regulation is Biosolids Regulation is Necessary to:Necessary to:
Protect Public Health
Protect Our Natural Resources
Biosolids Regulation is Biosolids Regulation is Necessary to:Necessary to:
Biosolids Regulation Also Provides Biosolids Regulation Also Provides an Avenue for Beneficial Use…an Avenue for Beneficial Use…
Biosolids in Colorado Biosolids in Colorado are Regulated by…are Regulated by…
EPA Region 8* -
40 CFR Part 503
“The 503s…”
503s are available at:
www.epa.gov/region08/water/wastewater/biohome/biohome.html
*Presently, EPA Region 8 has the ultimate “Authority” over the program and they have implemented a mechanism to regulate facilities – the General Permit
Biosolids in Colorado Biosolids in Colorado are Also Regulated by…are Also Regulated by…
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE)*-
Biosolids Regulation No. 64
Regulation 64 is available at:
www.cdphe.state.co.us/op/regs/waterqualityregs.asp
*CDPHE regulates individual application sites via NOAs (permits) which are tied to facilities/contractors
Biosolids in Colorado Biosolids in Colorado may be Regulated by…may be Regulated by…
Select
Counties
Health Departments
& Local Authorities
Contact the local authority
EPA Region 8 Biosolids Program EPA Region 8 Biosolids Program Regulations and AdministrationRegulations and Administration
EPA Region 8 EPA Region 8 General Permit - FacilitiesGeneral Permit - Facilities
Region 8 issued a General Permit effective August 16, 2002 for Colorado facilities whose operations generate, treat, and/or use/dispose of sewage sludge by means of land application, landfill, and surface disposal under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
Any of these activities require coverage under the EPA Region 8 General Permit
Basis for the General PermitBasis for the General Permit
Section 405 of the Clean Water Act40 CFR Part 503
Section 503.7 - Requirement For a Person Who Prepares Sewage Sludge
Any person who prepares sewage sludge shall ensure that the applicable requirements in this part are met when the sewage sludge is applied to the land, placed on a surface disposal site, or fired in a sewage sludge incinerator.
Category 1 – Generate but do not use or dispose
Category 2 – Use or dispose with or without treatment
Category 3 – Lagoon cleanouts
EPA Region 8 EPA Region 8 General Permit CategoriesGeneral Permit Categories
Notice of Intent (NOI) for Notice of Intent (NOI) for Coverage Under the General PermitCoverage Under the General Permit
NOI Requirements
- General Facility Information
- Biosolids Treatment Provided
- Contractor Information
- Biosolids Quality (Pathogens, Metals, VAR)
- Land Application Site Info
NOI Requirements atNOI Requirements atthe Facilitythe Facility
Processing Sewage Sludge to Produce Biosolids Requires Treatment Separate From the Wastewater Treatment Process
Examples: Aerobic Digestion
Anaerobic Digestion
Composting
NOI Requirements atNOI Requirements atThe Facility – Beneficial UseThe Facility – Beneficial Use
Must meet Table I MetalsPathogen Destruction CriteriaVector Attraction Reduction Criteria
NOI Requirements atNOI Requirements atthe Site – Beneficial Usethe Site – Beneficial Use
Similar to the State’s processSite name/ownerLocationSoils dataWaters
NOI Requirements atNOI Requirements atthe Site – Beneficial Usethe Site – Beneficial Use
Management Practices- No harm to Endangered Species- No harm to Historic Sites- Groundwater protection- Frozen/snow covered sites- Wet weather- Storage requirements
NOI Requirements atNOI Requirements atthe Site – Beneficial Usethe Site – Beneficial Use
Agronomic rates- Each cropping cycle- Soil analysis- Cropping history
NOI Requirements atNOI Requirements atthe Site – Deep Soil Monitoringthe Site – Deep Soil Monitoring
< 18” per Year Mean Annual Precip
> 18” per Year Mean Annual Precip
1/5 year application
No Irrigation
No Deep Soil Sampling
No Deep Soil Sampling
>1/5 year application
No Irrigation
No Deep Soil Sampling
Deep Soil Sampling Required
1/5 year application Irrigation
No Deep Soil Sampling
No Deep Soil Sampling
>1/5 year application Irrigation
Deep Soil Sampling Required
Deep Soil Sampling Required
NOI Requirements atNOI Requirements atthe Site – Deep Soil Monitoringthe Site – Deep Soil Monitoring
Deep Soil means 5 feet (principal root zone)
6 Locations per Field or 320 acres Sample every foot at each location down
to five feet- composite - analyze
1’
6
2’
6
3’
6
4’
66
5’
Combine the six 1’ samples in one pail, the
2’s in another, the 3’s in another, etc.
NOI Requirements atNOI Requirements atthe Site – Deep Soil Monitoringthe Site – Deep Soil Monitoring
Other NOI Requirements atOther NOI Requirements atthe Site – Similar to State’sthe Site – Similar to State’s
Phosphorous ControlSite RestrictionsMonitoringRecord KeepingReportingBDMS
State of Colorado Biosolids Program State of Colorado Biosolids Program Regulations and AdministrationRegulations and Administration
The State’s Role in Biosolids The State’s Role in Biosolids Regulation is to:Regulation is to:
…establish requirements, prohibitions, standards and concentration limitations on the use of biosolids as a fertilizer and/or organic soil amendment in a manner so as to protect the public health and prevent the discharge of pollutants into state waters.
Facility Information Biosolids Analysis Information
- Pathogen Reduction
- VAR
- Metals
- Other Physical Characteristics Site Info, Maps Soils Analyses Surface and Ground Water Information Crop/Agronomic Info Biosolids Management Plan
Beneficial Use Requires aBeneficial Use Requires aLetter of Intent (LOI)Letter of Intent (LOI)
Notice is sent to the County Health Department and Commissioners upon receipt by the Division
Health Department or Commissioners may object to the use of biosolids on a particular site
Regulation Section
64.10(A)
Receive Letter of Intent (LOI)Receive Letter of Intent (LOI)
Completeness letter sent out to applicant within 30 days of receipt
The clock stops if LOI is incomplete and restarts after the Division receives the missing information
Regulation Section
64.10(B)
Division ReviewDivision Review
NOA is either issued or denied within 30 days of being determined complete
The applicant is notified in writing if denied and the reasons for denial
Allow for a 30 – 60 day turn-aroundRegulation Section
64.10(C)
Notice of Authorization NOANotice of Authorization NOA
The applicant or other persons affected by the issuance or denial may request a hearing within 30 days of issuance or denial
Only issues of law or fact may be raised at hearing
Regulation Section
64.10(D)
Appeal of Issuance or DenialAppeal of Issuance or Denial
Issuance date Terms for modifications, revocation or termination Biosolids, soils and other monitoring requirements Grazing and cropping restrictions Reporting, record keeping and labeling requirements Public access restrictions A statement of applicable penalties
Regulation Section
64.10(E)
Minimum Terms and ConditionsMinimum Terms and Conditionsof the NOAof the NOA
NOAs do not expire unless terms and conditions have been incorporated
Exception – no NOA may allow application of biosolids in exceedences of the cumulative pollutant loading limitsRegulation Section
64.10(F)
NOA DurationNOA Duration
Regulation Section
64.12
Classification and Use of BiosolidsClassification and Use of Biosolids
Metals Based Classification
Table III, Table I
Pathogen Destruction Criteria
Class A, Class B
Vector Attraction Reduction Methods (VAR)
METALS BASED CLASSIFICATIONMETALS BASED CLASSIFICATIONMaximum Concentration mg/kg dry 64.12(A)Maximum Concentration mg/kg dry 64.12(A)
Table III Table I
Arsenic 41 75
Cadmium 39 85
Copper 1500 4300
Lead 300 840
Mercury 17 57
Molybdenum 75
Nickel 420 420
Selenium 100 100
Zinc 2800 7500
Regulation Section
64.12(B)
Pathogen Destruction CriteriaPathogen Destruction Criteria
Class A Biosolids*
Class B Biosolids*
*with respect to pathogens
Class “A” With Respect to Class “A” With Respect to PathogensPathogens Fecal < 1000 MPN/g or Salmonella s.p. < 3
MPN/4g (based on seven samples per event) AND Use one of 5 approved methods to Further
Reduce Pathogens:– Time/temp depending on solids content– pH/time then dry to at least 50% solids– Testing for enteric viruses/viable helminth ova– Testing – PFRP: composting, heat drying, heat treatment, TAD,
beta ray irradiation, gamma ray irradiation, pasteurization, other as approved by EPA Region 8
Class “B” With Respect to Class “B” With Respect to PathogensPathogens 7 samples - Geometric Mean <2,000,000 MPN/g or
CFU* (based on seven samples per event) OR Use 1 of 5 Approved PSRP methods:
– Aerobic Digestion: 40 days @ 20 °C no less than 60 days @15 °C
– Air Drying: 3 months with two months above 0 °C – Anaerobic Digestion: 15 days @ 35-55 °C no less than 60
days at 20 °C – Composting: Minimum 40 °C for 5 days with min 4 hours
at 55 °C – Lime Stabilization: Add lime to raise pH to 12 after two
hours of contact– Other as approved by EPA Region 8
Vector Attraction Reduction Vector Attraction Reduction (VAR)(VAR)
(3) 38% VSR (4) Anaerobic - bench scale test (40 days) (5) Aerobic - bench scale test (30 days) (6) Aerobic - SOUR =< 1.5mg O2/hr @ 20 °C (7) Aerobic - 14+ days @ >40 °C (avg >45 °C) (8) pH ^ 12+ for 2 hr then 11.5+ for 22hr (9) Dry to 75% when stabilized solids used (digested) (10) Dry to 90% when unstabilized solids used (undigested) (11) Sub. injection (no significant after 1hr) (12) Surface application w/incorporation (w/in 6hrs)
Regulation Section
64.12(C)
Storage of BiosolidsStorage of Biosolids
NOA Required for > 14 days– Must meet Class B and VAR– Other requirements based on % solids– Maximum of 2 years
Exemptions– CDPS permitted facilities– Designated solid waste disposal sites– Components of an ISDS– Offloading facilities (truck to spreader) & TanksRegulation Section
64.13
Regulation Section
64.14
Distribution and MarketingDistribution and Marketing
Class A Unrestricted Use (lawn)
Class A Restricted Use (containerized)
Class B Restricted Use – (agricultural)
Class “A” Unrestricted UseClass “A” Unrestricted Use
Must meet Table III MetalsMust meet Class A Pathogen CriteriaMust meet one of the VAR 3 thru 10
Class “A” Restricted Use*Class “A” Restricted Use*
Meet Table I MetalsMust meet Class A Pathogen CriteriaMust meet one of the VAR 3 thru 10Subject to Annual Pollutant Loading
Limits (APLR)
*nobody practices this
Annual Pollutant Loading LimitsAnnual Pollutant Loading Limitskg/ha (lbs/Ac)kg/ha (lbs/Ac)
Arsenic 2 (1.79)
Cadmium 1.9 (1.7)
Copper 75 (66.94)
Lead 15 (13.39)
Mercury .85 (.76)
Nickel 21 (18.74)
Selenium 5 (4.46)
Zinc 140 (124.96)
Regulation Section
64.15
Land ApplicationLand Application
Must meet Table I Metals Must meet either Class A or Class B and one of
VAR 3 thru 13 Table I subject to Cumulative Pollutant Loading
Limits No land application if metals exceed Table I limits
Cumulative Pollutant Loading Cumulative Pollutant Loading LimitsLimits
kg/ha (lbs/Ac)kg/ha (lbs/Ac)
Arsenic 41 (37)
Cadmium 39 (35)
Copper 1500 (1339)
Lead 300 (268)
Mercury 17 (15)
Nickel 420 (375)
Selenium 100 (89)
Zinc 2800 (2499)
Facility Notification RequirementsFacility Notification Requirements
Provide N concentration to applier Other info as needed to comply Written notice to permitting authority prior
to land application:
– site location– application period– facility name, address, phone, permit #– applier name, address, phone, permit #
Application Near State WatersApplication Near State Waters
No biosolids application:
– up gradient and within 1 linear mile of a public water system diversion
– up gradient and within 300’ of a Class 1 Recreational Use Reservoir– no surface application within 200’ of any surface water– within 50’ of any surface water if injected– within 33’ of any dry streambed– where soil is saturated or ponding is occurring– agricultural rate: within 100’ of a private well or 300’ of a community
well– reclamation rate: within 300’ of a private well or 1500’ of a
community well
GroundwaterGroundwater
No biosolids application when annual high groundwater table is within 5’ of the surface
Water table is determined using:
– direct observation– Soil Survey maps and/or– well completion maps with other supporting
documentation such as lack of seasonal ponding or vegetation and topography suggest adequate depth to GW
Application on Slopes: AgriculturalApplication on Slopes: Agricultural
% Slope < 6% Solids 6% or Greater
0-5% No Limitations No Limitations
>5 to 9% Incorporate within 24hrs or inject or approved SOP
No Limitations
>9 to 15% Inject or approved SOP Surface application if established vegetation or 60% crop residue or approved SOP
>15% Application prohibited Application prohibited
Application on Slopes: ReclamationApplication on Slopes: Reclamation
% Slope < 6% Solids 6% or Greater
0-5% No Limitations No Limitations
>5 to 9% Immediate incorporation or inject or approved SOP
No Limitations
>9 to 15% Subsurface Injection or approved SOP
Incorporation within 24hrs or approved SOP
>15% Application prohibited
Frozen or Snow Covered Frozen or Snow Covered GroundGround
No application where slope exceeds 6% Slope < 3%, no management practice If slope is 3 to 6 % then:
– 80% vegetative cover, or– Obtain approval based on a SOP
describing runoff containment
SoilsSoils
No application to food crops where soil pH is < 6.0 SU
Minimum suitable soil depth required:
– Irrigated land 36”– Dryland/Rangeland 18”– Land Reclamation 12”
Nutrient ManagementNutrient Management
Agricultural – apply N at agronomic rate Reclamation – may apply up to 5X agronomic
rate No application where available P >
– 100 ppm sodium bicarb– 50 ppm AB-DTPA– 170 ppm Bray P1* use Bray when pH < 6.5– State may allow application based on
NRCS Code 590
Class B Crop Harvesting Class B Crop Harvesting RestrictionsRestrictions
Food crops with harvested parts that touch biosolids or grow above surface – 14 months
Food crops with harvested parts below surface and biosolids remain on surface for 4 months prior to incorporation – 20 months
Food crops with harvested parts below surface and biosolids remain on surface for less than 4 months prior to incorporation – 38 months
Food, feed and non-food crops – 30 days
Class B Site RestrictionsClass B Site Restrictions
No domestic livestock grazing for 30 days after application
Turf may not be harvested for 1 yrHigh public exposure sites - limit access
for 1 yrLow public exposure sites – limit access
for 30 days
Monitoring & AnalysisMonitoring & AnalysisBiosolidsBiosolids
Biosolids Frequency of Sampling & Analysis
Annual Production DST/YR
Frequency
Less than 319 Once per year collected during 4th QTR
319 to 1,649 Once per quarter
1,650 to 16,499 Once per two months
16,500 + Monthly
Lagoons Prior to removal
Monitoring & AnalysisMonitoring & AnalysisSoilsSoils
Soils Frequency of Sampling & Analysis
Soil Fertility Analysis -
nitrogen, phosphorus, pH
conductivity, organic matter
Sample prior to application and once per cropping cycle thereafter
Soil Metals – As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se,
Prior to application and once every 5 years thereafter
Collect 16 soil cores per 320 Acres and combine to form a 1lb sample. Use AB-DTPA extraction to determine extractable metals. (EPA Requires TRM)
Record KeepingRecord Keeping
Preparers & Appliers must develop and maintain the following information for 5 years:
– Documentation demonstrating compliance with Pathogen Destruction, VAR and Metals Criteria
– Certification Statements– Results of Biosolids and Soils
Analysis
Annual ReportAnnual Report
Preparers and Appliers must submit an Annual Self-Monitoring Report (BDMS FORMAT) containing the following:
– Documentation demonstrating compliance with Pathogen Destruction, VAR and Metals Criteria
– Certification Statements– Results of Biosolids and Soils Analysis– Total amount (DMT) and disposition of
biosolids produced in previous 12 months
Annual Reports DueAnnual Reports DueOn or BeforeOn or Before
Notification Notification of Noncomplianceof Noncompliance
Verbal notification to Division within 24 hrs AND written notification within 5 days if noncompliance may endanger public health or environment
Written notification of other instances of noncompliance shall be submitted to the Division within 30 days
Local Biosolids RegulationLocal Biosolids Regulation
Health Departments Keeping TheirHealth Departments Keeping TheirEye on BiosolidsEye on Biosolids
Tri-County Health (Adams, Arapahoe, Douglas) San Juan Basin Health (Archuletta, La Plata, San Juan) Southeast Land and Environment (Prowers, Baca, Bent and
Kiowa*) Elbert Weld El Paso
County Planning DepartmentsCounty Planning DepartmentsIndirectly InvolvedIndirectly Involved
RouttDouglas
Adams
Pueblo
Counties That Do Not AllowCounties That Do Not AllowLand Application of Biosolids Land Application of Biosolids
Kiowa Washington
Lincoln Cheyenne
USEFUL LINKSUSEFUL LINKSBiosolids Regulation No. 64Biosolids Regulation No. 64
www.cdphe.state.co.us/op/regs/waterqualityregs.asp
Biosolids Letter of Intent FormsBiosolids Letter of Intent Formswww.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/PermitsUnit/wqcdpmt.html
Colorado State University Cooperative Extension (Biosolids, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension (Biosolids, Nutrient Mgmt, Crop Fact Sheets)Nutrient Mgmt, Crop Fact Sheets)
www.ext.colostate.edu/PUBS/crops/00547.html
EPA Region 8EPA Region 8(FREE BDMS DOWNLOAD! Loads of Useful Resources!)(FREE BDMS DOWNLOAD! Loads of Useful Resources!)www.epa.gov/region08/water/wastewater/biohome/biohome.html
Biosolids Program Contacts:Biosolids Program Contacts:
Robert Brobst, P.E., Biosolids Program Coordinator
EPA Region 8 (8P-W-P)
999 18th Street, Suite 500
Denver, CO 80202
303-312-6129
Wesley Carr, Environmental Protection Specialist
Biosolids Management Program
WQCD-P-B2
4300 Cherry Creek Drive South
Denver, CO 80246-1530
303-692-3613