Biosensors Dr. Harman

7/24/2019 Biosensors Dr. Harman

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BIOSENSORS

Presented by

Dr. HarmanMultani

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BIOSENSORS

Biosensor - biological sensor.

A biosensor is a device for the detection of an analyte that combines a

biological component with a physiochemical detector component.

Analyte: The compound which has to be sensed or the presence ofwhich has to be determined.

Sensor:An analytical device which functions to analyse a samplefor the presence of a specific compound

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COMPONENTS OF BIOSENSOR

A biosensor mainly consists of two parts

(i) A Biological part: enymes!antibodies

etc.. interacts analyte particles a

Pysical cange .

(ii) A Transducer part: collectsinformation from the biological part!

converts! amplifies and display them.

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PARTS OF BIOSENSOR

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"n principle! any biomolecule or molecular

assembly that has the capability of recogniingthe analyte can be used as a bioreceptor.

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FAT!ER OF BIOSENSORSPro"essor #elan$ C Clar% &nr '(')*+,,

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First escri/tion o" Biosensor

#lar$ and %yons proposed the conceptfor measuring glucose levels in &'

The first commercially successful

glucose biosensor using #lar$s

technology was the *ellow +prings

"nstrument for the direct

measurement of glucose in &',-

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0#1COSE BIOSENSORS

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!istory O" Biosensors

'('23First re/ort on i44obili5ation o" /roteins 3a$sor/tion o"in6ertase on acti6ate$ carcoal

'(++3 First glass /! electro$e

'(2 3 Clar% /7blise$ is $e"initi6e /a/er on te o8ygenelectro$e.

'(2+3 First $escri/tion o" a biosensor3 An a4/ero4etric en5y4eelectro$re "or gl7cose 9Clar%:

'(2(3 07ilba7lt an$ Montal6o * First /otentio4etric biosensor37rease i44obili5e$ on an a44onia electro$e to $etect 7rea

'(;,3Berg6el$ * Ion selecti6e Fiel$ E""ect Transistor 9ISFET:

'(;3 #7bbers an$ O/it5 $escribe$ a "ibre-o/tic sensor


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'(); Bloo$-gl7cose biosensor la7nce$ by

Me$iSense E8actest

'((, SPR base$ biosensor by Par4acia BIACore

'((+ !an$ el$ bloo$ biosensor by i-STAT

'((2 #a7ncing o" 0l7cocar$

'(() Bloo$ gl7cose biosensor la7nc by #i"eScanFastTa%e

'(() Roce iagnostics by Merger o" Roce an$ Boeringer4annei4

C7rrent =7anto4 $ots> nano/aricles> nanonanot7be> etc

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C#ASSIFICATION OF BIOSENSORS

Transducer

Mode of interaction

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On te basis o" Trans$7cer

(i) lectrochemical Biosensor

(ii) /ptical Biosensors

(iii) lectronic Biosensors (iv) 0ieoelectric Biosensors

(v) 1ravimetric Biosensors

(vi)0yoelectric Biosensors

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Various possible cobinations of biocoponents andtransducer tec!ni"ues

electroc!eical detection # used proinently

Advantages: lo$ detection liits # sall saples %olues&

siple' lo$ cost and in situ analysis &

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(nalyte ) *iosensor

+on%erted

,i-nals

(pli.ed

/isplayed

CHEMICAL

ELECTRICA

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MOE OF INTERACTION

Catalytic Biosensor

Biological material(enymes)2Analyte

3odification of Analyte

4ew chemical compound

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A""inity Biosensor Analyte2Biomolecule

Biological molecule: Antibodies!nucleic acids etc.

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ESSENTIA# PROPERTIES OF

A BIOSENSOR3

(i:S/eci"icity3 specific to the analyte .

9ii: 7rability: withstand repeated usage.

9iii: In$e/en$ent nat7re:not affected by

temperature! p5 etc.

9i6: Stability in results

96: Ease o" 7seand trans/ort 19


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MEC!ANISM OF ACTION

Bio4olec7le

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APP#ICATIONS OF BIOSENSORS

#linical diagnosis and biomedicine6arm! garden and veterinary analysis0rocess control: fermentation control and analysis

6ood and drin$ production and analysisMicrobiology3 bacterial an$ 6iral analysis0harmaceutical and drug analysis"ndustrial effluent control0ollution control and monitoring3ining! industrial and to7ic gases3ilitary applications

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BIOSENSORS FOR T!E ETECTION OF

FOO BORNE PAT!O0ENIC BACTERIA

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MA&OR FOO BORNE PAT!O0ENS

ETECTE B? BIOSENSORS

Ca4/ylobacterSal4onella

#isteria 4onocytogenes

Escericia coli 9E. coli: O';3!;

Sta/ylococc7s a7re7s

Bacill7s cere7s

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lectrochemical biosensors! has beenproved to be a promising method for

foodborne pathogenic bacteria detection

8ue to its 0ortability

9apidity

+ensitivity

/nthespot 8etection

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i""erent Ty/es O" Biorece/tors

1se$ In Electroce4ical Biosensors

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Antibo$y sensors

Biosensors based on directlyimmobiliing antibodies on the surface of

an electrode for the detection of bacteria

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The antibody sensor can be

used to detect E. coli O';by

using anti .coli antibodies.

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N1C#EIC ACI SENSORS

n t!e case of nucleic acid asbioreceptor

identi.cation of a tar-et analytesnucleic acid is ac!ie%ed byatc!in- t!e copleentary base

pairs t!at are often t!e -eneticcoponents of an or-anis&

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Any selfreplicating microorganism canbe easily identified. 4ucleic acid based

biosensors for rapid and selective

detection of Bacill7s antracis

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Bacterio/age Sensors

#an recognie specific sites on the

bacterium surface to which they bind and

in;ect genetic materialThe recognition is highly specific! it can be

used for the typing of bacteria

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A@ANTA0ES

9apidly and selectively detect targetbacteria.

#an tolerate variety of harsh conditions!

such as under acidic or basic p5 changesetc..

+hows e7cellent specificity for target

bacteria E. coli incl7$ingSal4onella>#isteria

4onocytogens>Ca4/ylobacter s/ecies.

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#ECTIN BIOSENSORS

0lant or Animal 1lycoproteins.

Bind selectively and reversibly with

polysaccharide components of bacterialcell surface


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MICROBIA# BIOSENSOR

A microbial biosensor is an analyticaldevice that immobilies microorganisms

onto a transducer for the detection of

target analytes.

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Bacteria and *easts ma$e up ma;ority ofthe microbes that are used in 3icrobial

Biosensors

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%ist of 3icrobes used in 3icrobial

Biosensors

*eastB. subtilis

T. candida

0. putida

=. o7ytoca

B. subtilis (heat $illed)

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+erratia marcescens0seudomonas sp.

0. putida

B. %icheniformis1. subo7ydans

#. tropicalis

A. niger+. ellipsoideus

1. o7ydans

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. coli =& >9ecombinant 3ora7ella

9ecombinant 0. putida

+. cerevisiaeT. ferroo7idans

0. fluorescents

0seudomonas and Archromobacter

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etection Base$ on Metabolites Pro$7ce$

by Bacterial Cells as a Res7lt o" 0ro


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Ne< 0eneration Biosensors

Nano4aterialsand Micro"l7i$sareemerging subdiscipline in chemistry used

in impedimetric biosensors to amplify

detection signal and achieve lowerdetection limit

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Nanomaterials Microorganism Electrode


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g

(u Ps ,ulfate#reducin-

bacteria

foa i electrode

e34 Ps Campylobacter jejuni +

(u Ps Salmonella Spp. +

Ti2 nano$ire bundle Listeria monocytogenes (u icroelectrodes

reduced -rap!enes!eets

,ulfate#reducin-bacteria

+

aluinu anodiedoide :((; nanoporeebranes

E. coli O157:H7 (u electrode

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Nanomaterials Microorganism Electrode


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aluina nanoporousebrane

E. coli O157:H7 Platinu electrode

carbon nano.ber :+;

nanoelectrode array:(;

E. coli ITO

a-netic nanoparticles E. coli O157:H7 /(M

a-netic nanoparticles E. coli O157:H7 /(M $it! icro


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Biosensors "or 6iral $etection

+tudies have been going on for use ofbiosensors in detection of some viruses

li$e influena virus? hepatitis B virus&

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ete8 Patogen etection Tecnology

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Biosensors Dr. Harman

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