Biosecurity “Protection from exposure to disease” What? Why? How?
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Transcript of Biosecurity “Protection from exposure to disease” What? Why? How?
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Biosecurity
• “Protection from exposure to disease”
• What?• Why?• How?
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Biosecurity
“A set of management practices which when followed correctly reduce the potential for the introduction and spread of disease causing organisms onto, and between sites.”
From the perspective of the bird rather than just the farm
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Biosecurity
Three Key Levels of Biosecurity
Conceptual Biosecurity
Structural Biosecurity
Operational Biosecurity
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Biosecurity
Conceptual Biosecurity
Involves Site planning Location e.g proximity to other
farms, transport etc. Almost impossible to change once
committed without very high cost
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Biosecurity
Structural Biosecurity
Concerns the design of the farm and buildings.
Includes house design (easy to clean), site layout and security.
Expensive to change once built.
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Biosecurity
Operational Biosecurity
The points involved with day to day running of the site.
Includes routine disinfection, control of visitors, source of stock etc.
Can be modified at low cost according to requirements
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Disease transmission
Different disease causing agents require differing priorities in relation to biosecurity
There is a direct relationship between where the agent multiplies in the bird and its mode of transmission from one bird to another, or from one site to another
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Disease transmission: Respiratory diseases high concentrations in the
respiratory tract +++ mucus sneezing and coughing aerosols e.g. ND, IB, AI, TRT, mycoplasma
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Disease transmission: Enteric (gut) diseases Diarrhoea
spread via droppings
e.g. salmonella, campylobacter, coccidiosis, viruses
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Disease transmission: Vertical transmission from breeders infection via air sac or oviduct egg contamination egg transmission e.g. mycoplasma, salmonella
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Disease transmission: Site contamination persistent, resistant organisms
contaminate litter, equipment, environment
e.g. ILT, Gumboro, Marek’s, CAV, many bacteria
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Breeder Farm and Hatchery Breeding Stock Breeding Farm Egg collection Farm egg storage Egg Transport The Hatchery Chick delivery
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Biosecurity - why?
1. To keep lethal, highly contagious diseases out of premises e.g. Newcastle disease (Fowl Pest), avian influenza, or acute Gumboro disease
2. To reduce challenge by common pathogens known to reduce productivity such as E.coli and coccidiosis
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Biosecurity - why?
3. To reduce or eliminate, background immunosuppressive agents such as Marek’s disease, chicken anaemia or Gumboro disease, which leave birds susceptible to other disease organisms
4. To reduce contamination with agents of public health significance, such as salmonella or campylobacter
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Methods of spread
1. Vermin e.g. salmonella, pasteurella2. Feed e.g. salmonella, some ND
strains3. Wild birds e.g. mycoplasmas, ND,
avian influenza, ?IB, ?TRT, bacteria, worms
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Methods of spread
4. Water e.g. E. coli, salmonella, campylobacter
5. Hatchery e.g. salmonella, aspergillus, enterococcus, pseudomonas, mycoplasmas
6. Windborne e.g. IB, ND, TRT, ?mycoplasmas
7. Faecal e.g. Gumboro, ND, salmonella, mycoplasma, viruses
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Control Areas - Inanimate1. locate away from other poultry (>5
miles)2. avoid waterways, ponds or lakes3. avoid putting birds on range4. avoid major roads5. remove litter from farm6. concrete around houses7. avoid standing water8. use potable drinking water with low
TVC
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Control areas - People
limit staff movements avoid visitors control site traffic spray vehicles adequate protective clothing BOOTS hand washing ?showers
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Control areas - poultry
Obtain stock from high health status sources.
Carry out regular health monitoring and audits
Carry out daily and proper disposal of deaths / culls.
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Control areas - site decontaminationEffective cleaning and disinfection
adequate turnaround timeinclude houses, aprons, equipment
use a closed water systemcarry out water sanitisation
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Control areas - site decontaminationUse a total feed systemcarry out regular vermin control
audit efficacyuse only products with proven broad spectrum efficacy
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Disease Control
Freedom from Disease = Maximum Profits
Hygiene and Biosecurity =The most cost effective methodof disease control
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STATIC VECTORS
HousingEquipmentOrganic WasteFeed SystemWater SystemBuilding Surrounds
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MOBILE VECTORS
LivestockHumansRodentsOther AnimalsEquipmentTransportOrganic WasteAir Borne
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NUTRIENT VECTORS
Food
Water
(Bedding)
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TYPES OF DISINFECTION
Terminal
Continuous
(Production Breaks)
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STAGE 1REMOVAL & DRY CLEAN
Remove stock
Equipment
Bedding
Gross organic waste
Dust
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STAGE 2CLEANING & SANITISATION Reducing infective material
Removal of dried on matter
Use a Detergent / Sanitiser
Allow to dry afterwards
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STAGE 3AWATER SYSTEMS Drainable
– Drain– Clean– Disinfect– Flush
Non-Drainable– Clean– Sanitise
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STAGE 3BREMOVABLE EQUIPMENT
Soak
Scrub / Pressure Wash
Detergent Sanitizer
Disinfect
Dry
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STAGE 4DISINFECTION
To remove residual challenge
Use broad spectrum disinfectant
Cover all surfaces
Cover all cracks & crevices
Allow to dry.
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STAGE 5AERIAL DISINFECTION
Covers inaccessible areas
Replace movable equipment first.
Can be done after bedding is spread.
Fog / Fumigate
Safety required with formaqldehyde.
Rest period
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CONTINUOUS DISINFECTION
Control Access
Foot & Wheel Dips
Water Sanitization
Aerial Disinfection
Rodent Control
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Operational Biosecurity
Control/restriction of Visitors Strict use of Protective clothing Hand Washing Footdips etc
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Egg collection
Treat with Care at all stages
Hand washingEgg sanitisingDisinfection and cleaning of egg store
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Egg Transport
Hatchery should dispatch a clean and disinfected vehicle
Driver to observe farm hygiene regulations
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Hatchery Biosecurity
Staff training and supervision
Defined working areas – “Clean” and “Dirty”
Clearly defined routines and frequencies.
Hygiene of personnelSite security
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Chick Delivery
Chick box disinfection
Transport HygieneFarm RegulationsDisinfection of returning vehicle and crates
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Chick Delivery
Chick box disinfectionTransport HygieneFarm RegulationsDisinfection of returning vehicle and crates
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Conclusion
Consider the operation as a whole
Trained OperativesMonitoring overall resultsRoutine Hatchery Monitoring
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The Result
Freedom from Disease = Maximum Profits
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