Bioproduct Life Cycle Analysis with the

GREETTM Model

Jennifer B. Dunn

Biofuel Life Cycle Analysis Team Lead

Systems Assessment Group

Argonne National Laboratory

Biomass 2014

July 29 and 30, 2014

Selection of bioproducts based on a high-level market

analysis

2

Algae Glycerol

1,3-Propanediol

Propylene glycol

Lipid extraction

and hydrogenation Catalytic hydrogenolysis

Fermentation

Acrylic acid

1,4-Butanediol

Clean sugars

Isobutanol

Polyethylene

3-Hydroxypropionic acid

Succinic acid

SugarsCorn Stover

Dilute acid pretreatment

and enzymatic hydrolysis

Hydrogenation

Dehydration

Aqueous-phase

hydrogenation

Separations

Ethanol

Dehydration to ethylene,

polymerization

Feedstock Platform Chemical Bioproduct

FermentationF

ermen

tation

Fer

men

tati

on

Ferm

entatio

n

Process simulations provided material and energy

flows used in analysis

3

Glycerol

R-101

EDI

Arabinose

CentrifugeNa2HPO4

Cell mass

Sterilization Tank

Fermenting Bacteria

Concentrated

Product Stream

Dilute Product

Stream

OR

D-101

Waste Water

Residual

Glycerol

3-HP

EDI: electrodeionization

4

The GREET (Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation) Model at Argonne National Lab

GREET Includes More Than 100 Fuel Production Pathways from Various Energy Feedstocks

The yellow boxes contain the names of the feedstocks and the red boxes contain the names of the fuels that can be produced from each of those feedstocks.

Petroleum Conventional

Oil Sands

Compressed Natural Gas

Liquefied Natural Gas

Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Hydrogen

Methanol

Dimethyl Ether

Fischer-Tropsch Diesel

Fischer-Tropsch Jet Fuel

Natural Gas North American

Shale Gas

Non-North American

Coal

Soybeans

Gasoline

Diesel

Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Residual Oil (to electricity)

Jet Fuel

Hydrogen

Methanol

Dimethyl Ether

Fischer-Tropsch Diesel

Fischer-Tropsch Jet Fuel

Biodiesel

Renewable Diesel

Renewable Gasoline

Renewable Jet Fuel

Sugarcane

Corn

Cellulosic Biomass Switchgrass

Fast Growing Trees

Crop Residues

Forest Residues

Coke Oven Gas

Petroleum Coke

Nuclear Energy

Residual Oil

Coal

Natural Gas

Biomass

Other Renewables

(hydro, wind, solar,

geothermal)

Ethanol

Butanol

Ethanol

Ethanol

Hydrogen

Methanol

Dimethyl Ether

Renewable gasoline,

diesel, jet fuel, marine fuel

Fischer-Tropsch Diesel

Fischer-Tropsch Jet Fuel

Electricity

Hydrogen

Compressed Natural Gas

Liquefied Natural Gas

Hydrogen

Methanol

Dimethyl Ether

Fischer-Tropsch Diesel

Fischer-Tropsch Jet Fuel

Renewable

Natural Gas Landfill Gas

Biogas from anaerobic

digestion

5

Algae

Biodiesel

Renewable Diesel

Renewable Gasoline

Renewable Jet

Carbon Accounting in the Bioproduct System Boundary

6

Feedstock

Production

Feedstock

Transportation

Feedstock

Conversion

Transportation

and

Distribution

Use

Carbon uptake

during biomass

growth

Carbon emissions from

feedstock processing

(e.g., fermentation)

Carbon uptake during

feedstock processing

Degradation in

Landfill

Recycle

Combustion

Energy and

materials input

Carbon

emissions

Carbon

emissions

Displaced

heat and

electricity

Carbon-

containing ash

Loss

Cradle-to-Gate

End-of-Life Options

Bioproducts uniformly showed reductions

compared to their fossil-derived counterparts

7 Preliminary Results

Process natural gas and feedstock consumption

drive GHG emissions

8 Preliminary Results

PE: polyethylene; ADP: adipic acid

9

Bioproduct Feedstock GHG Emissions: Cradle-to-Grave

References kgCO2e/kg % Reduction

Propylene

Glycol

Soybean

& Canola 3.2 61% ADM

Glycerol 1.1 66% GREET

1,3-PDO

Corn 2.7-3.5 46-71% Urban (2009)

Corn 1.2-2.9 37-55% Hermann (2007)

Sugar Cane -1.8 62-115% Hermann (2007)

Glycerol 2.7 66% GREET

3-HP 5.3 39% GREET

Acrylic

Acid

Corn starch 2 43% Hermann (2007)

Corn stover 1.2 66% Hermann (2007)

Sugar cane 0.7 80% Hermann (2007)

3-HP 8.7 53% GREET

Succinic

Acid

Corn

starch

0.88 90% Cok (2014)

1.7 81% Cok (2014)

1.5 83% Cok (2014)

Clean Sugars 1.9 86% GREET

Preliminary Results

Conclusions and Outcomes

Bioproducts from corn stover and algae feedstocks have the potential for life-cycle GHG emissions that are below peer fossil-derived compounds.

Heat integration and yield increase opportunities will improve bioproduct life-cycle GHG emissions.

The GREET bioproducts module, to be released Fall 2014, will allow the community to explore these results and generate results for bioproduct pathways of interest.

A technical report will document data sources and methodology used to build the GREET model.

Bioproducts module is subject to updates as additional information becomes available. It will be expanded to include additional products.

10

Acknowledgements

Felix Adom - ANL

Jeongwoo Han - ANL

Norm Sather – ANL

John Molburg - ANL

Seth Snyder - ANL

Michael Wang - ANL

Fengqi You - Northwestern

Chang He - Northwestern

Jian Gong - Northwestern

Dajun Yue - Northwestern

11

Travis Tempel - BETO

Alicia Lindauer - BETO

Kristen Johnson - BETO

This work was supported by the Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of the United States Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.

Contact information: jdunn@anl.gov