Biometrics 7

8/14/2019 Biometrics 7

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Q. What is Biometrics ?

:- The meaning of Biometrics comes from the Greeks. In

Which the word Bio means life and the word metry

means to measure.

So we can also say that Biometric

means the measurement of life for statistical purposeswhere using body as a password. Its a new technology

that could be used by banks, airports and hospitals to

ensure secure networks.


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Q.How Does Biometrics work?

:- Biometrics functions works on a very simple principle:

everyone in the world is unique, and this uniqueness can

be used for identity verification.

Most Biometric technology systems

use the same basic principles of operation. First, a person

must be registered, or enrolled, on the biometric system.

Now when a user wants to enter a system , the system willneed his sample, If the sample is matched, the user is

authenticated and granted access to the computer;

otherwise the user is not granted access.

PRINCIPLEPRINCIPLE


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Functions of Biometric SystemsFunctions of Biometric Sys

temsOne useful way of thinking about biometricsOne useful way of thinking about biometrics

is that they are used for one of two purposes:is that they are used for one of two purposes:

(A) To prove that you are who you say you are(A) To prove that you are who you say you are

(positive ID).(positive ID).

In a positive ID situation, the subject assertsIn a positive ID situation, the subject asserts

that she is Jane Doe and submits a "live"that she is Jane Doe and submits a "live"

sample (a fingerprint, for example) to thesample (a fingerprint, for example) to the

system. The system then checks its databasesystem. The system then checks its database

of previously enrolled or registered samplesof previously enrolled or registered samples

to see if the live sample matches theto see if the live sample matches the

reference sample. A positive ID system isreference sample. A positive ID system isdesigned to prevent more than one persondesigned to prevent more than one person

from using a single identity.from using a single identity.


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(B) To prove that you are not who you say(B) To prove that you are not who you say

you are not (negative ID).you are not (negative ID).

In a negative ID situation, John Roe claimsIn a negative ID situation, John Roe claims

notnot to be someone already known to theto be someone already known to thesystem. Here, the system checks its databasesystem. Here, the system checks its database

to see that Roe is not on the watch list ofto see that Roe is not on the watch list of

suspected criminals and terrorists, whosesuspected criminals and terrorists, whose

biometrics are already in the system. Abiometrics are already in the system. Anegative ID system is designed to preventnegative ID system is designed to prevent

one person from using more than oneone person from using more than one

identity.identity.

When biometrics is employed to effectWhen biometrics is employed to effectnegative identification, one need not benegative identification, one need not be

enrolled. The only persons who must be "in"enrolled. The only persons who must be "in"

the database are those whom the operator isthe database are those whom the operator is

trying to keep out or catch.trying to keep out or catch.


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BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIESBIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES

Various Biometric system modes & its working

A video camera shoots an image of theA video camera shoots an image of the

eye.The patterns of the iris areeye.The patterns of the iris are

converted into digitized code.The code isconverted into digitized code.The code is

compared with a database of iris codes.compared with a database of iris codes.

IrisIris

RecognitionRecognition

Converts the image of aConverts the image of a

fingerprint into afingerprint into amathematical template of themathematical template of the

print's minutiae points.print's minutiae points.

FingerprintFingerprint

scanscan

A camera captures the imageA camera captures the imageof a face.Features andof a face.Features and

discrete areas of his face arediscrete areas of his face are

analyzedanalyzed ..

FaceFaceRecognitionRecognition

HOW IT WORKSHOW IT WORKSMODEMODE


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KeystrokeKeystrokeDynamicsDynamics

The system analyses theThe system analyses thecharacteristics rhythm of acharacteristics rhythm of aperson's typing.person's typing.

HandHand

GeometryGeometry

A picture of the hand is taken andA picture of the hand is taken andsalient features are examined.Thesesalient features are examined.These

include 3D shape,length,width ofinclude 3D shape,length,width offingers and shape of knuckles.fingers and shape of knuckles.

Retinal scanRetinal scan User's position their eye in proximity toUser's position their eye in proximity toa retinal reader and focus their sight ona retinal reader and focus their sight onan illuminated target inside thean illuminated target inside the

reader.An image of the retina's bloodreader.An image of the retina's bloodvessel pattern is saved in a file.vessel pattern is saved in a file.

VoiceVoiceverificationverification

The user states a pass phraseThe user states a pass phraseinto a microphone or telephoneinto a microphone or telephone

handset.handset.


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DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES

In Iris recognition ,it is Relatively expensive;requires large amount of computer storage; may not

be generally accepted by public.

In Voice verification , Works well over thetelephone but Requires large amount of computer

storage; people's voices can change; background

noises can interfere.

When the data collected from the user passes

through the system, the data is not encrypted at all.


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APPLICATIONSAPPLICATIONS

PC access and internet security.

Safety on weapons: no access for children and other

unauthorized user.

Mobile phones: network access, theft protection,

mobile financial transaction.

Credit cards, bank cards,ATM cards.

Malaysia's Kuala Lampur airport has incorporated

as a facial recognition.

Various applications of Biometric Authentication are as follows:-


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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Biometric Authentication Systems are used to improve

computer and network security. They reduce the risks

associated with the use of passwords and usernames.

Their advantages overcome the disadvantageshowever; biometrics authentication systems are

expensive and not fully tested that is why they are not

globally used.


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Biometrics 7

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