1. BIOMETEOROLOGY, HEALTHWARNING SYSTEMS ANDGEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIESGEOBIOMET RESEARCH GROUPUNIVERSITY OF CANTABRIA - Pablo Fdez-Arroyabe

2. INDEX1. BIOMETEOROLOGY2. WEATHER & HEALTH3. GIS & BIOMETEOROLOGY: PRONBIOMET4. MAIN OUTCOMES5. CONCLUSIONS 3. BIOMETEOROLOGYBIOMETEOROLOGY WHERE? WHEN?ANSWERSBIOMETEOROLOGY is an interdisciplinary sciencethat study relationships between atmospheric processes and living organisms 4. BIOMETEOROLOGY Funded on Augut 29th 1956 at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris: - Dr. S.W. Tromp - Dutch Geologist - Dr. H. Ungeheuer German meteorologist - Several experts on human physiology from USA Dr. Sargent (USA) was the first president of ISB 5. BIOMETEOROLOGY International Journal Bulletin International Congress 6. BIOMETEOROLOGY ANIMAL, VEGETAL AND HUMAN 7. BIOMETEOROLOGY HEALTH AND ADAPTATIONFrom a Biometeorological point of viewThe inability to adapt to a new atmospheric variability and change can generate HEALTH CRISIS 8. VARIABILITY AND CHANGE CLIMATE VARIABILITYa changing state in anon lineal system where inside variables do not ever reach a balance state 9. VARIABILITY AND CHANGE CLIMATE VARIABILITY and CHANGE in relation to humans health? 10. VARIABILITY AND CHANGE CLIMATE VARIABILITY SCALES LONG TERM VARIABILITY(Inter decadal or seasonal) SHORT TERM VARIABILITY(Weekly, daily) MICRO VARIABILITY(Hourly, minutes) 11. BIOMETEOROLOGYADAPTATION 12. ATMOSPHEREANDHUMAN HEALTH 13. PhysiologicalVARIABLES TEMPERATURE thermoregulation LOW TEMPERATURES HIGH TEMPERATURES HEART FREQUENCY INCREMENT MUSCULAR FIBRILATION SWEATING INCREMENT SKIN VASOCONSTRICTION HYPERVENTILATIONFuente: CAMARA DIEZ, E. (2006) Variables meteorolgicas y salud. Documentos de Sanidad Ambiental. Comunidad de Madrid 14. VARIABLESTEMPERATURE EXTREME COLD EXTREME HOTHypothermiaDIRECT EFFECTSFrostbiteDermatitis and edemas Sun burnsFractures Sun stroke Heat syncope Heat exhaustionINDIRECT EFFECTS Heat waves 15. VARIABLESATMOSPHERIC PRESSUREAir is a GAS which weight is higher or lowerdepending on geographic location1. HeadachesAssociated to high pressures and or sudden changes2. Heart diseases3. Spontaneous Pneumothorax1. Gil Romea I, Moreno Mirallas MJ. Lesiones por fro. Arch Cir Gen Dig, 2000 Sep 5.2. Jehle D, Moscati R. The incidente of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage with change in barometricpressure. Am J Emerg Med 1994 Jan; 12 (1): 90-1.3. Landers AT, Narotam PK. The effect of changes in barometric pressure on the risk of rupture of intracranialaneurysms. Br J Neurosurgery 1997 Jun; 11(3): 191-5. 16. VARIABLES WINDS and HEALTH COLD WINDSHOT WINDS Parasympathetic systemSympathetic system isActivity is stimulated (Psique)stimulated. Emotional disorders,Alteration of thedepressions, suicides.respiratory dynamics Sirocco in Sahara,Increase of pain Fehn in The Alpssensitivity on rheumatic Chinook in Rocky mountainspatients.Puelche in The Andes Austru in Rumania 17. VARIABLES ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY Amount of steam in the air (%) Rhinitis y Asthma because of mites (More important in places by the sea) Optimum conditions: tempertaure 20-25and air hu midity about 75%. Asthma because of pollens 18. OTHER VARIABLESVARIABLESSUN RADIATIONAmount of ultravioletradiation Sun burns, skin cancerAmount of light MoodPRECIPITACION (rain,snow)Rainfall increase number of car accidentsSnow storms Increase in the number of heart attacks and cerebro-vascular problemsSTORMSAccidents because of rays. Floodings risks, cold drops, landslidesPOSITIVE IONSIt is related to headaches, nasal congestion, hoarseness, sore throat,incrrease in blood preassure. 19. COMBINED EFFECTSVARIABLESHUMIDITY AND HEATWIND AND LOW T HEAT INDEX WIND CHILL+++ ++UNIVERSAL THERMAL PHYSIOLOGICAL EQUIVALENTCLIMATE INDEX TEMPERATUREUTCIPETProf. Dr. GERD JENDRITZKY Prof. ANDREAS MATZARAKIS 20. COMBINED EFFECTSVARIABLES +++1. High pressure. Stability.2. High temperatures3. High relative humidity4. High levels of pollution (SO2 NO2 particles)5. Demographic, social and personal aspectsMETEOROTROPIC BOMB 21. COMBINED EFFECTSVARIABLES- hormonal functions are modified- our neurotransmitters are affected- can alter cerebral biochemistry- affect to vasodilatation- modify capilar resistance- and many others WE KNOW FEW ABOUT THE SPECIFIC MECHANISMS THAT TAKE PLACE IN THESE PROCESSESS FOR EACH PERSON 22. GIS ONBIOMETEOROLOGICALFORECASTING 23. The use of GIS on Biometeorology has given the biometeorologist an excellent opportunity to developearly warning systems based onbiometeorological forecasting. In this sense, the spatial component is a key issue in the study of heat waves impacts on mortalityand also in the revision of spatial patterns and diffusion of some infectious diseases such as influenza or in thecartographic representation of biometeorologicalindicators such as DOA index that is successfullyimplemented in health warning systems such as Pronbiomet 24. HEAT WAVES HWS AND SPATIAL INFORMATIONUSA 2005 Kalstein, L. 25. ANOTHER GERMAN EXAMPLE, 2006 26. THE FUNDAMENTSCHANGE Yes HEALTHADAPTATION? NoDISEASES 27. HEALTH WARNING SYSTEMS BIOMETEOROLOGICAL GISFORECASTDEVELOPMENT 28. METEOROGRAMS AT SPECIFIC POINTS 29. A model based on GIS exists since 1996The first model (1996) used the daily surface synoptic data forthe regional diagnostic of the PODA index at 00 and 12 GMT.An objective new numerical forecast model was developed in2006. It takes on-line as input data the GFS information up to180 hours in advance.The outputs are 16 bio-forecast maps andmeteorograms for six different world regions.The model makes the bio-forecast maps with the 24- hoursdifferences of the partial oxygen density in the air (PODAindex), with a resolution of 0.5 degree (55 km). 30. Air temperature Air humidity Atmospheric GIS PressureMODELOxygen Density 31. The global monitoring of meteor-tropiceffects on human health Such as fundament to mitigate the impacts of abruptweather changes on health and society. CUBAEAST ASIA AND WEST PACIFIC ZONE NORTH AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Lus B. Lecha, Center for Environmental Research & Services, Cuba Pablo Fernndez de Arroyabe, University of Cantabria, Spain David Martn, University of Alicante, Spain EUROPE 32. THE MODEL DAILY OUTPUTSEAST ASIA AND WESTPACIFICNORTHAMERICACUBA AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALANDSOUTHAMERICAEUROPE 33. HOW TO READ THE MAPS?Biomet. ConditionsLow Latitude MiddleHigh LatitudeLatitudeExtreme hyperoxia> 10.0> 20.0 > 30.0Very strong hyperoxia8.1 to 10.016.1 to 20.0 24.1 to 30.0Strong hyperoxia 6.1 to 8.0 12.1 to 16.0 18.1 to 24.0Moderate hyperoxia 4.1 to 6.08.1 to 12.0 12.1 to 18.0Weak hyperoxia 2.1 to 4.0 4.1 to 8.06.1 to 12.0THE NEUTRAL ZONE -2.0 to 2.0 -4.0 to 4.0-6.0 to 6.0Weak hypoxia-2.1 to -4.0 -4.1 to -8.0-6.1 to -12.0Moderate hypoxia-4.1 to -6.0-8.1 to -12.0-12.1 to -18.0Strong hypoxia-6.1 to -8.0-12.1 to -16.0 -18.1 to -24.0Very strong hypoxia -8.1 to -10.0 -16.1 to -20.0 -24.1 to -30.0Extreme hypoxia < -10.0< -20.0< -30.0 34. BIOMETEOROLOGICALFORECASTINGBASED ON GISRESULTS 35. DATE: 17 / 11 / 2007 HYPEROXIA 36. DATE: 20 / 11 / 2007 HYPOXIA 37. BRAIN VASCULAR DISEASESBILBAO (October November 2007)ENFERMEDADES CEREBRO VASCULARES en BILBAO(Octubre - Noviembre 2007)10 15 6 13N asistencias 2 113g/m -29 -67-105-1431-10 6-10 11-1016-10 21-10 26-1031-10 5-11 10-11 15-11 20-11 25-11 30-11 ECV DOA 38. MIGRAINES, HYPERTENSION ANDCEFALEASBILBAO (October - November 2007)ENFERMEDADES HIPERTENSITIVAS y CEFALEAS en BILBAO (Octubre - Novirmbre 2007)10 28 6 24 2N asistencias 203g/m -2 16 -612-108-1441-10 6-10 11-10 16-10 21-10 26-10 31-10 5-11 10-11 15-11 20-11 25-11 30-11THA CEF DOA 39. HEART RELATED DISEASESBILBAO (October November 2007) CARDIOPATIAS ISQUEMICAS en BILBAO (Octubre - Novirmbre 2007)10 20 18 6 16 2 14 123g/m -2 10 -68 6-10 4-1421-10 6-10 11-1016-10 21-10 26-1031-10 5-11 10-11 15-11 20-11 25-11 30-11 DOACAI 40. ECV = BRAIN VASCULAR DISEASESHTA-CEF-MIG = HIPERTENSION, CEFALEAS, MIGRAASCAI = CARDIOPATIAS ISQUEMICAS FECHAS ECVHTA-CEF-MIG CAI01/04 -7,3 6 -1 2-3 2-228/05 9,53 -1 3-3 0-419/068 3-4 5-82-415/07 6,33-2 2-64-0200529/07 7,6 4-1 4-10-404/09 8,85 -73-73-122/11 6,20-4 5-64-230/12 -8,7 4-0 6-25-3 41. HTA-CEF- CAI FECHAS ECV MIG03/03 -5,9 438 104205/03 14,7 33 282408/03 -6,7 24 363404/04 -7,3 62 943305/047 24 433214/04 -8,6 53 550018/05 7,740 8747200622/05 8,435 944201/07 -5,7 84 430020/09 -7,6 32 261525/10 -7,5 43 273315/11 -6,8 36 450325/11 7,623 631306/128 23 582409/12 8,988 4713 42. FECHAS ECV HTA-CEF-MIG CAI12/02 6,75-36-71-416/02 -6 3-05-23- 405/03 8,62-3 4-2 1-314/05 9,7366-22-102/07 -102-4 3-3 2-0200714/07 7,90-27-03-516/08 8,64-0 1-4 3-018/09 6,42-49-33-418/11 -9,2 5-35-52-619/11 -7,9 3-55-96-3 43. BIOMETEOROLOGICALFORECASTING RESULTS PERIOD 2005-200733 days with the highest DOA contrast 23 days (70%) ECV = > Pctil 66 25 days (75 %) HTA = > Pctil 66 28 days (84.8 %) CAI = > Pctil 66 44. CONCLUSIONS 45. A NETWORK OF VALIDATORS IS CREATED TO DETERMINE HOW USEFUL IS EACH HEALTH WARNING SYSTEM CREATION PROMOTION IMPROVEMENT VALIDATION 46. CONCLUSIONSBIOMETEOROLOGICALFORECASTING DESIGN1 Development of BHWS must be simple and based onGeographic Information Technologies2 - They should be designed based on the operativesystems of the weather forecasting offices3 They can be applied to different regions of the worldspatial information is absolutely neccesary4 They have to be based on an easy implementation5 Depends on access to medical information 47. CONCLUSIONSGEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMSARE NECESSARY IN ORDER TO DEVELOP EARLY HEALTH WARNING SYSTEMS BASED ON BIOMETEOROLOGICAL FORECASTING 48. THANK YOU VERY MUCHFOR YOUR ATTENTION