Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.
-
Upload
peter-brooks -
Category
Documents
-
view
230 -
download
0
Transcript of Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.
![Page 1: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biomechanics
![Page 2: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The study of forces and their effects on the human body
![Page 3: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Sir Isaac Newton developed three basic laws that explain the relationship between motion and force
![Page 4: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
A push, a pull or a twist
Force = Mass x Acceleration
![Page 5: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
LAW OF INERTIA“A body continues in its state of rest or
uniform motion unless an unbalanced force acts upon it“
So what does this mean?A body will remain at rest or will continue
moving (in the same direction) until another force acts on it
![Page 6: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Inertia is… a body’s tendency to remain at rest or in
motion. The more mass an object has, the larger its inertia is. Therefore is more reluctant to change its state of motion.
Who has more inertia in this image?
![Page 7: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
This soccer ball will remain at rest until a force acts on it…e.g. strong winds, or someone kicking it
![Page 8: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
LAW OF ACCELERATION ‘The acceleration of an object is directly
proportional to the force causing it, is in the same direction as the force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object’
This means… When a force is applied to an object it will move in
the direction the force was applied, and, depending on the size of the force and the size of the object, the object will accelerate accordingly
Class experiment…
![Page 9: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
A smaller object will move faster than a larger object.
A greater force will move an object faster than a smaller force
Force = Mass x acceleration
![Page 10: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
THE LAW OF REACTION ‘Whenever a force is applied there is an
equal and opposite reaction’
e.g. Jumping If a person exerts a force onto the ground in order to push off, theground will exert an equal and opposite force on the person, pushing them up
into the air Upward
Downward
![Page 11: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
HANDBALL EXAMPLE In your groups, choose ONE of Newton’s
LawsDescribe how you can use this law to your
advantage in Handball
![Page 12: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Levers allow you to apply force and speed more easily.
Consist of 5 parts - Fulcrum (pivot point), Force, Force arm, Resistance and a Resistance Arm
FORCE ARM
Resistance
Fulcrum
FORCE
Resistance ARM
![Page 13: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Allow force to be applied from Outside the body
e.g.
![Page 14: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Are inside the human body. Most important Levers These levers are made up of a:
Joint = FulcrumBones = Lever armsMuscles = Force
Load = resistance Effort = force
![Page 15: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Levers can be classed into 3 types:
1st Class 2nd Class 3rd Class – Most levers in human body are 3rd
class
![Page 16: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
In a 1st Class Lever, the Fulcrum sits between the load (resistance) and force applied (effort)
e.g. See-saw
![Page 17: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
In a 2nd Class Lever, the Load (resistance) sits between the fulcrum and the force applied.
e.g. Wheel Barrow
![Page 18: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
In a 3rd class lever, the force applied sits between the Fulcrum and the load (resistance)
Third class levers allow more speed to be produced because resistance arm is longer than force arm
e.g. Bicep curl
![Page 19: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
To Manipulate the Lever length the resistance arm needs to be altered (via bending or straightening the joint)
Longer levers result in greater speed at the end of the lever arms – this is beneficial for throwing and striking objects (e.g. throwing a handball).
Short levers result in fast and strong movements to occur– this is beneficial for moving body parts quickly and applying strength for pushing, pulling and lifting objects.
![Page 20: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
1. What class of lever are most of the limbs in human body?
2. Force = _______ x ________ 3. Newton’s 1st law is the law of _______ 4. Newton’s 2nd law of reaction means… ? 5. What type of joint is the elbow joint? And
what muscle causes elbow flexion
![Page 21: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
1. What class of lever are most of the limbs in human body? 3rd CLASS
2. Force = MASS x ACCELERATION 3. Newton’s 1st law is the law of INERTIA 4. Give an example of Newton’s 2nd law? BOUNCING A BALL, JUMPING 5. What type of joint is the elbow joint? And
what muscle causes elbow flexion HINGE JOINT, BICEP
![Page 22: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
‘the sum of all forces generated by each body part’
Force summation allows maximum force to be produced
For maximum force production:1. The force from all different body segments
needs to be added together2. Use large muscles then smaller muscles3. You need to sequence timing of body
segments4. The more body segments that are involved in
the movement, the more possible force that can be produced
![Page 23: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Throwing example:
Time
Large Force
Small ForceShoulder/arm
Shoulder/arm
Hand
Hand
Trunk
Hip/thigh/leg
![Page 24: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
As soon as an object is thrown it becomes a projectile.
The distance an object travels is dependant on many factors, including: Speed of release Angle of release Height of release
![Page 26: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
A projectiles speed of release is determined by: Force summation Levers
The greater the speed of release = the greater distance traveled.
![Page 27: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
When aiming for maximum distance, the optimal angle of release is 45 degrees
Different activities require a different angle of release…
e.g. Hand ball shot at goal (-45 degrees)
e.g. Throwing a shot put (45 degrees) – High release to get greater distance
![Page 28: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
By increasing the height of release, the object will travel a greater distance
e.g.
![Page 29: Biomechanics. The study of forces and their effects on the human body.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081503/56649ef45503460f94c06e14/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Complete the revision worksheet