BiomechanicsBiomechanics

Definition

BiomechanicsBiomechanicsIt is the application of mechanics to It is the application of mechanics to the living human body.the living human body.

It is the study of human movementIt is the study of human movement

It is the science concerned with the It is the science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by human body and the effects produced by these forces.these forces.

KinesiologyKinesiology

It is the organization of information It is the organization of information dealing with motion or it is the study dealing with motion or it is the study of movement.of movement.

Kinesis = Movement.Kinesis = Movement.

Ology. = Science.Ology. = Science.

Purpose of studying biomechanics

To learn how to analyze the movement of the human body and to discover the underlying principles.

To improve human performance.

To prevent occurrence of injury during performance.

To evaluate posture exercises based on individual needs and the efficient methods of using the body in daily living

t BiomechanicsBiomechanics

Anatomical

Physiological

Mechanical

Social

Psychological

Biomechanics includes:

Anatomical: which describes the structure of the body ,its parts and their potential for movement.

Physiological: which studies the processes involved in the initiation, continuation and control of movement.

Psychological: which examines the sensations, perception and motivations that stimulate movement and neurological mechanisms which control them.

Mechanical: which considers the force, time and distance relationships involved in body movement.

Socio-cultural: which considers the meaning given to various movements in different human settings.

Bones

Classification of bonesAccording to

Location Shape Dynamic structure Development

According to location:

Axial skeleton: It includes the skull, the vertebral column, the ribs and the sternum (Cortical bones)

Appendicular skeleton: It includes the upper

limbs, lower limbs, pectoral and pelvic bones which connects the appendicular skeleton with

the axial skeleton

According to shape: Long bone: has two ends and shaft. e.g. bone of the arm, the metacarpal bones, metatarsal bones

and phalanges. Short bone: the length and widths are equal e.g. carpal bones, tarsus bones, patella. Flat bone: broad and smooth surfaces. e.g. cap of the skull, scapula, ribs and sternum. Irregular bone: has a variety of shapes. e.g. vertebrae, base of the skull and ear bones Pneumatic bone: contains spaces filled with air. e.g. skull bones

According to dynamic structure:

Compact bone: Skull bones and vertebrae an pelvic bones, sternum, ribs, patella, carpal bones and tarsal bones.

Spongy bone: Long bones

According to development:

Membrane: Compact bone.

Cartilage: Spongy bone.

Mechanical axis of the bone

It is a straight line which connect the mid point of the joint at one end with the midpoint of the joint at the other end.

In case of a terminal segment, with the midpoint of its distal end.