Biome: TundraBy: Mariah Hanson, Hannah Sanville and Veronica Yi

Blue 2, Gray 2a, Wise, 09/16/13

Region Of The World

• Continues across North America, Europe and Asia

• Cover 1/5 of the world’s surface

• Largest and northernmost Biome

Abiotic Factors

• Temperature range: -260C to 120C• Permafrost• 60 day growing season • Average yearly precipitation: <25cm• Soil

Abiotic Factors: Winter Climate

• Winter temperatures: -30 F in Artic Tundra's (North Pole)

• Coldest winters: Siberia, average winter temperatures: -40 F

• Has reached -93 F before.

• Mildest winters: Costal regions, average temperatures: 30 F

• Winter storms develop in the Aleutian Low and Icelandic Low

Abiotic Factors: Summer Climate

• Mild summers. Average temperatures: 45F

• Warmest summers occur in inland regions of Siberia, Alaska and Canada

• July temperatures there : 60 F

• Temperatures have been recorded in the 90’s F in those regions though

• Artic has rain and fog in summertime

• Short growing season because during the summer the Tundra doesn’t get a lot of rain

Abiotic Factors: Permafrost

• Permanent frozen layer of soil

• Surface above permafrost remains frozen all but 8 weeks of the year

• Prevents trees from growing

Abiotic Factors: Soil

• Slightly acidic

• Low nutrients due to cold temperatures

• Moist

• Thin topsoil over the permafrost

Biotic Factors: Animals

Mammals

• Caribou

• Musk Oxen

• Artic Foxes

• Lemmings

• Snowshoe Hare

Birds:

• Snowy Owls• Ducks• Geese• Cranes• Waterfowl• Predatory BirdsMusk Oxen

Canadian Goose

Biotic Factors: Closer Look At The Artic Fox

• Mammal• Diet: omnivore• Average life span: 3 to 6 years• Important adaptations to

survive in chilly climate. • Hardy animal, so it can survive

in the tundra's frigid temperatures

• Lives in burrows

Biotic Factor: Closer Look At The Snowy Owl

• Carnivore• Average life span: 9.5 years• Patient hunter• Breeds in Artic tundra• Preferred meal is lemmings• Diurnal: They hunt and are

active during day and night.

Biotic Factors: Endangered Animals

• Artic Fox

• Polar Bear

• Northern Leopard Frog

• Bull Trout

• Whooping Crane

• Peregrine Falcon

Peregrine Falcon

Northern Leopard Frog

Whooping Crane

Endangered Animals: Closer Look at The Polar Bear

• Mammal• Carnivore• Average life span: 25 to

30 years• Live in very cold climates• Very strong swimmers• May 2008 Polar bears

were determined endangered

Biotic Factors: Plants/Fungi

Plants• Grasses

• Sedges

• Mosses

• Dwarf woody plants

Fungi• Lichens

Lichens Moss

Biotic Factor: Closer Look At Lichens

• Reproduce asexually • Fungus• Unique due to not being a single

organism• Actually a combination of two

organisms• Most composed of fungal

filaments

Bibliography

• "Tundra Climate." Tundra Climate. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.

• "The Tundra Biome." The Tundra Biome. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.

• "Arctic Fox." National Geographic. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.

• "Snowy Owl." National Geographic. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.

• "Polar Bear." National Geographic. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.

• Book : Postlethwait, John H., and Janet L. Hopson. Modern Biology. Orlando: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2006. Print.

Conclusion

• Biotic Factors

-Animals

- Plants

Abiotic Factors - Climate - Soil - Permafrost