Biomass Program Overview
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Transcript of Biomass Program Overview
Office of the Biomass Program
DOE/EE/OBPBiomass Program
Overview and Products R&D
Western Regional Sun Grant Initiative
Dr. Todd WerpyPNNL/DOE
August 16, 2004
Office of the Biomass Program
Mission of OBP
“The mission of OBP is to partner with U.S. industry to foster research and development on advanced technologies that will transform our abundant biomass resources into clean, affordable, and domestically-produced biofuels, biopower and high-value products. The result will be improved economic development, expanded energy supply options, and increased energy security”
Office of the Biomass Program
Program Goals
2005: Demonstrate an integrated process for fuels production from biomass
2007: Complete technology development necessary to enable start-up demonstration of a biorefinery producing fuels, chemicals, and power
2010: Help U.S. industry to establish the first large-scale integrated biorefinery based on agricultural residues
Develop biorefinery-related technologies to the point that they are cost and performance competitive and are used by the nation’s transportation, energy, chemical, and power industries to meet their market objectives
Office of the Biomass Program
Strategy: Remove
Technical Barriers
Thermo-Chemical Platform
Sugar Platform
Biomass
CO, H2, Bio-oils
Sugar Feedstocks & Lignin Residues
Advanced Biomass Process R&D
Technology Validation and Systems Integration “The Integrated
Biorefinery”
Fuels, Chemicals, Materials, Heat & Power
Mixed Sugars
Syngas, Pyrolysis-oils
Office of the Biomass Program
Program Strategy
• Analysis is used to identify major cost barrier areas in each element of the program
• Research is dedicated to overcoming these barriers and reducing the cost of each process as well as the final integrated biorefinery
• Program is driven by private public partnerships to ensure integrity of the program
• Regular reviews are undertaken to ensure progress and fiduciary responsibility
• Program is based on both near term and long R&D objectives
Office of the Biomass Program
Program Structure
$6MM $5MM$16.9 MM
$20 MM $21.7 MM
Congressional Mandates - $41MM
Office of the Biomass Program
Biomass Program Funding
• Three-fold increase in earmarks since 2000
• EWD Earmarks have grown from 18% to over 47% of the total funding
• Real decline in the available funds used in support planned R&D
$0
$10
$20
$30
$40
$50
$60
$70
$80
$90
$100
$110
$120
$130
$140
$150
FY00 FY 01 FY 02 FY 03 FY 04
13 18 39 30 41
81 94
74 6180
Earmarks
Total Funds for Planned R&D
Legend
Earmarks and Total FundingMillions of Dollars per Year
Office of the Biomass Program
Building the Bio-refinery
• Maximize the value from the existing infrastructure
• Bring lignocellulosics into those existing facilities
• Build stand alone lignocellulosic facilities
Office of the Biomass Program
An Example of a Grains Bio-refinery
Corn Wet Mill
starch corn oilcorn gluten
mealcorn gluten
feed
food & industrial starches
hydrolysis
glucose
fuelethanol
high fructosecorn syrup
fermentation
sorbitol
• foodstuffs• pharma .
polyols isosorbide
hydrogenation
other citric acid lysine
xanthan gumsitaconic acid
& other fermentation
products
industrial oils
lactic acid
PLApolymers
•resins & plasticsapplications
•polyesters•surfactants•pharmaceuticals
deicerssolventscoatings
glycerolfood oilsfeed oils
Corn Wet Mill
starch corn oilcorn gluten
mealcorn gluten
feed
food & industrial starches
hydrolysis
glucose
fuelethanol
high fructosecorn syrup
fermentation
sorbitol
foodstuffspharma . polyols isosorbide
hydrogenation
Othersweeteners
citric acid lysine
xanthan gumsitaconic acid
& other fermentation
products
industrial oils
lactic acid
PLApolymers
resins & plasticsapplications
polyesterssurfactantspharmaceuticals
deicerssolventscoatings
glycerolfood oilsfeed oils
PhytochemicalsC-5 Products
Xylitol & polyols
Bio-dieselDi-acidsEpoxidesDiolsDiacidsPolymersVinyl Monomer
Other ProductsOf Fermentation
Office of the Biomass Program
Building the BiorefineryCurrent PortfolioBiomass
Feedstock
Starch Cellulose LigninHemi-Cellulose Oil
IndustrialStarches
Protein
XyloseArabinose
Glucose
LiquidFuels (EtOH)
Lactic AcidPLA
XylitolArabinitol
SuccinicAcid
ItaconicAcid
PG and EG1,3-PDO
Esters Isosorbide
PG and EG
3-HP(Acrylic Acid)
LiquidFuels (EtOH)
Polyols Pyrolyis OilGasification
AnimalFeed
Office of the Biomass Program
Current Status of Ethanol Dry Mills
• Economics can be difficult– Current ethanol facilities are limited to
only two products, ethanol and DDG– Economics are highly dependent of value
of the co-product DDG– Significant energy costs are associated
with the drying of DDG– Markets for DDG are not always
favorable and will deteriorate as additional ethanol facilities come on line
Office of the Biomass Program
Strategies for Creating Additional Value• Modify dry mills to include a quick steeping
process that allows germ recovery• Add an intermediate filtration process to
recovery non-starch derived sugars (hemicellulose)
• Develop new fermentations for utilization of five carbon sugars (itaconic acid, succinic acid, etc)
• Develop new chemistry to produce value added products from hemi-cellulose (sugar alcohols, polyols)
• Include an energy component-gasify “DDG or modified DDG” to produce fuel gas
Office of the Biomass Program
Current Ethanol Process
Corn Dry Grind Liquefaction Scarification
FermentationPrimary
DistillationDistillationRectifier
MolecularSieves
Centrifuge
Triple EffectEvaporator
DDGDryer
DDGAnimal Feed Ethanol
Solids
50%EtOH
95%EtOH
100%EtOH
Liquids
Water Recycle
Solids
Office of the Biomass Program
The Holistic Ethanol Facility
Corn Quick Steep Scarification
Filtration Fermentation EthanolRecovery
MolecularSieves
“Fiber” HydrolysisNew DDG
Animal FeedEthanol
StarchEtOH 95%
EtOH100%EtOH
GermSeparation
Fermentation
CatalyticConversions
Gasification
Fuel/PowerEG, PG
Glycerol, Etc
ItaconicSuccinic, Etc
Oil
Office of the Biomass Program
The New Ethanol Bio-Refinery
• Build a bio-refinery based on creating the maximum value from each component associated with the feedstock
• Includes a fuel component, energy component, and value added products component
• Will allow for expansion of ethanol utilization based on solid economics
• Energy independence for the facilities could be critical to financial stability
• Be the model to build future lignocellulosic facilities
Office of the Biomass Program
Chemicals and Materials Analysis
• Used the current petrochemical refinery as a model• Surveyed over 350 chemical/material opportunities• Reduced initial 350 to 30• Reduced 30 to 12 based primarily on the following:
– Economic considerations– Technical considerations– Building block strategies
Office of the Biomass Program
Office of the Biomass Program
C5
Itaconic acid
Furfural
Levulinic acid
Glutamic acid
Xylonic acid
Xylitol/Arabitol
Methyl succinate derivatives (see above), unsaturated esters
Many furan derivatives
-aminolevulinate, 2-Methyl THF, 1,4-diols, esters, succinate
EG, PG, glycerol, lactate, hydroxy furans, sugar acids
Amino diols, glutaric acid,substituted pyrrolidones
Lactones, esters
5-Carbon Building Blocks
Office of the Biomass Program
OHOH
O
CH2 OO
CH3
OHOH
CH3
O O
CH3
NH2
NH2
CH3
NH2
NH2
CH2
O
O
NO
CH3
CH3
N
H
CH3
Itaconic acid3-Methyl THF
2-Methyl-1,4-BDO
3- & 4-Methyl-GBL 2-Methyl-1,4-butaneiamine
Itaconic diamide
3- & 4-Methyl NMPAnd other pyrrolidones
3-MethylpyrrolidineStyrene-butadiene copolymers
Itaconic Acid
Office of the Biomass Program
Chemicals and Materials
‘Top Ten” Analysis
• Mapping the potential for chemicals and materials from platform outputs
• ChemicalsFutureDiagram.ppt
• Future activities will include working with industry to identify areas of needed R&D– Includes solicitations– Includes core R&D activities
Office of the Biomass Program
Value-Added BuildingBlocks Derived From Sugars
Building Blocks
1,4 succinic, fumaric and malic acids
2,5 furan dicarboxylic acid
3 hydroxy propionic acid
aspartic acid
glucaric acid
glutamic acid
itaconic acid
levulinic acid
3-hydroxybutyrolactone
glycerol
sorbitol
xylitol/arabinitol
Office of the Biomass Program
Key Technology Hurdlesfor Products
• Fuels– Improved fermentation of five carbon
sugars– More robust fermentations that
withstand the impurities from pretreatment
– Mixed fermentations– Fermentation rates
Office of the Biomass Program
Key Technology Hurdlesfor Products
• Chemicals and Materials– Fermentations
• Reduce the cost of both aerobic and anaerobic fermentations
• Robustness of fermentations needs to be improved
• Increase productivity of organisms• New engineering solution for aerobic
fermentations
Office of the Biomass Program
Productivity Vs. Cost
1520253035404550
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Productivity g/L-hr
Co
st-
Cen
ts/P
ou
nd
Succinic Acid
Succinic Acid Cost Vs. Glucose Cost
2022242628303234
4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
Glucose Cost Cents/Pound
Co
st-
Cen
ts/P
ou
nd
Succinic Acid
Succinic Acid Cost Vs. Yield From Glucose
2022242628303234
50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
%Yield from Glucose
Co
st-C
ents
/Po
un
d
Succinic Acid
Succinic Acid Cost Vs. Final Titer
22232425262728
80 100 120 140 160
Final Titer-g/L
Co
st-
Cen
ts/P
ou
nd
Succinic Acid
Office of the Biomass Program
Key Technology Hurdlesfor Products
• Chemicals and Materials– Catalysis
• More selective catalysts are required• Aqueous phase catalysis • Catalyst robustness-improved resistance to
fouling• Overall rates need to be improved
Office of the Biomass Program
Key Technology Hurdlesfor Products
• Combined Heat and Power– Integration is key driver– How does excess power get transferred
to the existing grid system
Office of the Biomass Program
On the DOE Horizon
• Major solicitations in FY04– University led solicitation for
fundamental research—up to 5 million dollars
– Industry led solicitation for products—up to 10 million dollars
• Major planned solicitations for FY05– Focused on a forest products biorefinery– Funding level TBD