BIOMASS: Photosynthesis for Fuels
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Transcript of BIOMASS: Photosynthesis for Fuels
GREEN CHEMISTRY
Alvin C. EdulsaDISCUSSANT
15.13 Biomass: Photosynthesis for Fuel15.14 Hydrogen: Light and
Powerful15.15 Other Renewable Energy Sources15.16 Energy: How Much is Too Much?
OBJECTIVES:
• To
15.13BIOMASS: PHOTOSYNTH
ESIS FOR FUEL
WHAT ISBIOMASS?
BIO- Any plant and animal material, especially agricultural waste products, used as a source of fuel.
- the fuel energy that can be derived directly or indirectly from biological sources.
refersMASSto…
“dry plant
material”
Why use BIOMASS as an alternative to
FUEL?It burns cleanly; the emissions are just water vapor and carbon dioxide.
It is a renewable resource whose production is powered by the sun.
It can be replenished by nature relatively quickly.
howCANBIOmassBEUSEDas FU
ELA?
• Starches and sugars from plants can be fermented to form ethanol. Wood can be distilled in the absence of air to produce methanol.• Bacterial breakdown
of plant material produces methane.
• Vegetable oils or animal fats can be converted to a fuel called BIODIESEL.
dis× There is a shortage of land.× The production is pricy.× The land is far from where the
energy is needed.× The overall efficiency of biomass
use is only about 3% at best; less than that of solar cells.
ADVANTAGES
ALTERNATIVE WAYS• We can supplement our other
sources by burning agricultural wastes, fermenting some to ethanol, producing methanol from wood where wood is plentiful, and fermenting human and animal wastes to produce methane.
BIOFUELS
WHAT ISBIOFUEL?
BIO • fuel made from
biological materials: a renewable fuel that is derived from biological matter, e.g. biodiesel, biogas, and methane.
refersfuel to…
Biodiesel from Rapeseed Oil
TYPES OF BIOFUELS• The most used and produced biofuels are
ethanol and biodiesel.
“fuel of the future”
Substitute for fuel
ETHANOLBIODIESEL
ETHANOL and BIODIESEL
• To produce ethanol, carbohydrates in biomass are turned into sugars, which are then fermented.
• The alcohol produced can be burned as a fuel directly or added to gasoline to make gasohol.
• Biodiesel is typically made from plant oils combined with alcohol to form esters.
• The esters can be burned as a fuel. In addition to vegetable oils from soybeans, rapeseed, or palm oil, biodiesel can also be made from used cooking oil, animal fats, or oils produced by certain types of microalgae.
HYDROGEN:LIGHT
& POWERFULL
15.14
When Water
and Oxygen Collide…
HYDROGEN
“most abundant element in
the universe”