Test Review

1. List the scientific method. List and describe them.a. Observationsi. Observing an event occurringb. Hypothesisi. Make an educated guess as to what is going to happenc. Predictionsi. If this happens, then this will happen afterwardsd. Testi. Experiments based on your hypothesise. Hypothesis supportedi. Than continue to testf. Hypothesis rejectedi. Revise hypothesis2. What is a hypothesis?a. A hypothesis is an educated guess as to what is going to happen based on observations.3. Compare consumers to producers. Provide an example of each.a. Consumers are those who get their energy through the consumption of othersi. Ex) Humansb. Producers are those who create their own energy through either sunlight or chemicalsi. Ex) Petunia or bacteria through volcanic vents4. Define adaptation and provide 2 examples.a. Process by which an organism changes to adapt to their environmenti. Ex) The snow owl not being seen by neither prey nor hunterii. Ex) Finches growing a different beak shape to better eat fruit.5. How has DNA analysis helped to determine ancestry relationships among species?a. DNA gives a more clear understanding of the correlation between different species and clear evidence of physical change6. List the different levels of organisms classification from broad to more specific (King Phillip).a. Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Order > Family > Genus > Species7. Compare and contrast bacteria and Archaea (2 main similarities and 2 main differences).a. Similaritiesi. They are both prokaryotesii. They are both organisms.b. Differencesi. Archaea live in more extreme conditions.ii. Archaea are not believed to be dangerous to humans.8. List the different types of extremophiles and define them.a. Thermophilesi. Extreme heatb. Psychrophilesi. Extreme coldc. Polyextremophilesi. Many different extreme environmentsd. Halophilesi. Salty conditions9. What are the three main types of bacteria according to their shape? How do each type look? Provide one example of each.a. Bacillii. Rod Shapedii. Ex) Bacillus Anthracis (Cause of Anthrax)b. Cocci (Coccus)i. Sphericalii. Ex) Staphylococcus aureus (Flesh Eating Bacteria)c. Spirillai. Curved wallsii. Ex) Borrelia Burgdorferi (Lyme Disease)10. What defines a living thing? (main characteristics)a. Living organisms are composed of cells.b. Living organisms reproduce via DNA.c. Living organisms obtain energy from environment.d. Organisms actively maintain internal conditions.e. Groups of organisms evolve.f. They follow the biological hierarchy 11. What is the plasma membrane, what functions to performs, where is it found?a. A double bilipid layer that surrounds cells, and it provides a boundary between the environment and the contents of the cell.12. Define and provide one example of unicellular and pluricellular.a. Unicellulari. Consisting of only one cellii. Ex) Amoebab. Pluricellulari. Consisting of more than one cellii. Ex) Duck13. Define DNA and describe its importance for living organisms.a. A molecule that encodes genetic instructions used for the development and functioning of all known organism.b. DNA is the blueprints as to how to make an organism.14. Why do we say that even consumers depend on solar energy?a. Consumers depend on other consumers and producers, and producers get their energy from sunlight.15. List and define the levels of biological organization (atom,, biosphere)a. Atomi. Building block of everythingb. Moleculesi. A combination of atomsc. Cellsi. Basic unit of all lifed. Tissuesi. Group of cellse. Organsi. Different tissues working togetherf. Organ Systemsi. Organs to complete a taskg. Organismi. One living thingh. Populationi. One speciesi. Communityi. All living thingsj. Ecosystemi. All living and non-living thingsk. Biomei. Area with similar climatic conditionsl. Biospherei. Global sum of all biomes16. What are evolutionary trees? Draw an example showing the relationship between five different types of organisms.a. Evolutionary tress show relationships between different living things and their adaptation over time.b. See Attached Sheet17. What are the five kingdoms and how are they related? Draw their evolutionary tree.a. Prokaryotes, Protista, Fungi, Plants, Animaliab. See Attached Sheet18. What is binomial nomenclature? Provide one example and indicate genus and species.a. Binomial nomenclature is a formal system of naming species of living things by using 2 parts, the genus and species.b. Ex) Homo Saipan 19. List three differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.a. Prokaryotes dont have a nucleus while eukaryotes have a nucleus.b. Prokaryotes are usually unicellular while eukaryotes are usually multicellular.c. Prokaryotes have a cell wall while most eukaryotes dont.20. List the domains of life, from the most abundant to the least abundant,a. Bacteria > Archaea > Eukarya