Biology – study of life Bio =life. Make observations and perform studies to better understand the...
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Transcript of Biology – study of life Bio =life. Make observations and perform studies to better understand the...
Make observations and perform studies tobetter understand the world and makeuseful predictions about the future.
How do you know there is a problem.
What is it that youdon’t like
Did the experimentsupport the hypothesis
Write or chartwhat happened
Perform your hypothesis
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
Step 5 Step 4Step 6
Make Observations State the Problem Form a Hypothesis
Make a Conclusion Record &Analyze Experiment
UV radiation causes sunburn
Expose 2 UV sensitivebeads to UV after coating one beadwith sun block
Yes sun block reduces
UV exposure
Sunburn leadsto skin cancer
If I use sunblockthen I won’t get asmuch UV radiation
Use IF to tell what to do to solve the problem
and THEN to state what you think will happen
time no block block
When experiments are repeatable by othersand additional experiments are used to challenge the finding, but they continue to support the hypothesis, the scientific community elevates the hypothesis to the level of Scientific Theory.
After numerous challenges and rigorous experiments testing the Scientific Theory continue to support the theory it is elevated to the level of Scientific Lawex. All living things are composed of cells.
1,000 kilo
100hecto
10deca 1
(base unit)meter, liter,or gram
1/10deci
1/100centi
1/1000 milli
When going from a large unit to a small unit the decimal point moves to the right (this gives you a larger number).
Measurement – Converting from one unit to another
When going from a small unit to a large unit the decimal point moves left (this gives you a smaller number).
Example: 1000 m = 1 km
Example: 1 km = 1000 m
Characteristics of Life
• How do we know if something is alive or not?
• If the following characteristics are present then the thing is alive.
WRITE THIS AT TOP CIRCLE
Smallest unit of life is 1 cell (unicellular)
We are multicellular (many cells)
Sexual Reproduction: mix genetic material of
2 parents to create a new and unique individual.
Asexual Reproduction:No mixing of genetic
material = a copyof 1 individual
Genetic CodeAll life is based on a genetic code.
The DNA Double Helix is the molecule that carries your genetic information.
Grow = increase in size and Number of cells.
Develop = Cells or body’s characteristics change with
Maturity.
Nutrients and energy are usedTo grow and provide energy for
movement and cell activities.Metabolism is how fast your body breaks down food and
releases the energy to beused. Materials can be used for
shelter or attracting a mate
Responds to the Environment
What changes in the environment do organisms respond to?
Temperature
Amount of sunlight
Humidity
Soil Moisture
Predators
Potential Mates
Maintain Internal Conditions(homeostasis)
During activities we use up energy, increaseour temperature, as well as lose water and salts. Our enzymes only work in a limited range.
sweating
Drink
Breathing
Eat
Change over time(Evolution)
Over time species change.
All dogs that are alive today had an ancestor who was a wolf.
As the environment changesthose that survive and have
successful offspring will shapewhat the future generations
look like.(Offspring are similar to
parents)
Sodium atom (Na) Chlorine atom (Cl) Sodium ion (Na+) Chloride ion (Cl-)
Transferof electron
Protons +11Electrons -11Charge 0
Protons +17Electrons -17Charge 0
Protons +11Electrons -10Charge +1
Protons +17Electrons -18Charge -1
Section 2-1
Figure 2-3 Ionic Bonding
Carbon is made up ofCarbon atoms.
Atoms of carbon make up the elementCarbon. (pure)
Compounds are madeWhen 2 or more elementsAre combined in a specificratio. (mixed)
Ionic bonding is when one atom looses an Electron to another atom. Like when I take myBrothers ice cream I want it all. Then he comesAfter me! Ionic I want it!
Covalent bonds share electrons.This is a single covalent bond sharing 2 electrons. Double
covalent bonds share 4 electrons.
Covalent bonds like Co-workers share items.
Water molecules have polar covalent bonding.One end is positive and one end is negative.This gives water some interesting abilities.
1 negatively charged oxygen atom
2 positively charged Hydrogen atoms
ProducerMake 100%of
food
100lbs.
PrimaryConsumer
10%
10lbs.
SecondaryConsumer
1%
1lbs.carnivore
Heterotroph
Decomposer.1%
.1lbs.
Heterotroph
Food Chains show how energy moves through the ecosystem.
10% 10% 10%
Autotroph Heterotroph
Eats something else
green plant herbivore decomposer
heat
heatheat heat
Reaction pathwaywithout enzyme Activation energy
without enzyme
Activationenergywith enzymeReaction pathway
with enzyme
Reactants
Products
Section 2-4
Effect of Enzymes
Oven cleaner
Bleach
Ammonia solution
Soap
Sea water
Human bloodPure waterMilkNormalrainfall
Acid rainTomatojuice
Lemon juice
Stomach acid
NeutralIn
crea
sing
ly B
asic
Incr
easi
ngly
Aci
dic
Section 2-2
pH Scale
ProducerMake 100%of
food
100lbs.
PrimaryConsumer
10%
10lbs.
SecondaryConsumer
1%
1lbs.carnivore
Heterotroph
Decomposer.1%
.1lbs.
Heterotroph
10% 10% 10%
Autotroph Heterotroph
green plant herbivore decomposer
heat
heatheat heat
Cellular respiration vs burning fossil fuel
Water and carbon dioxide out.
Large energy molecules and oxygen in…
Defend the following statement.
If plants don’t get enough nitrogen then they will have difficulty making new cells.