Biology Project Solar Powered Desalination_final

8/2/2019 Biology Project Solar Powered Desalination_final

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Desalination by Solar Power

Made By:

Mohammed Ganadiely

Grade: 10\A

Subject: Science


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Solar Powered Desalination

World Water Resources

Salt Water

Fresh Water The Worlds Water

97% Sea Water

3% Fresh Water


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World Fresh Water Resources

Ice

Ground Water

Riparian Areas

The Worlds Fresh Water

77% Ice

22% Ground Water

1% Rivers, Lakes and

Streams


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Desalination

The separation and

removal of ions, salts and

other dissolved solidsfrom water.

Heat Based

Membrane Based


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Topic

Desalination powered by

renewable energy usingphotovoltaic cells, possibly in

conjunction with a fuel cell.


Photovoltaic cellshttp://www.greenfield-hydroponics.com/


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Motivation

People need access to clean

drinking water 1/3 of the world

population lacks this

access This is expected to affect

2/3 of the population

within 20 years



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We can use

It is possible to build a small

scale low maintenancedesalination unit usingcurrent methods with powerrequirements able to besupplied by photovoltaiccells


Photovoltaic cell


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Hypotheses

If we use photovoltaic cells then we can replace

conventional power sources using current

desalination methods.

If we use photovoltaic cells then we can offset a

significant portion of the conventional power

requirements using current desalination methods.

Photovoltaic cells are incompatible with current

desalination methods.



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Strategies For Investigation

Calculations and analyses

Comparison of energy requirements with poweroutput of various PV cells

Array size

Water production rate

Water quality Effective operational range variations with time

Market analysis


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Strategies For Investigation

Conceptual unit design and construction

Schematic

Product design

Prototype constructionExample of a desalination

schematic


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Current Desalination Research

As fresh water scarcity concerns have risen,

research and development in desalination has

increased

A large portion of the research is being done in the

United States, the Middle East, and Japan

The most commonly used desalination method ismulti-flash distillation

The most commonly used solar powered

desalination method is passive evaporation


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Current Desalination Research Examples

Boehner discusses solar powered distillation

desalination using large scale plants using a low

technology intensive system

His system is 100% powered by the sun but is an

example of passive distillation


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Current Desalination Research Examples

El-Nashar is a researcher in the UAE working on

a solar assisted vacuum freezing ejector

adsorption system with a million gallon a day

capacity

This is an example of a system in which solar

power can only supply a portion of the energyrequirements needed.


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Looking Towards The Future

Due to the impending global water scarcity crisis,

many human rights organizations are funding

research on desalination in order to provide

people with adequate drinking water.

Biology Project Solar Powered Desalination_final

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