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PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAANSIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA

NEGERI PAHANG DARUL MAKMUR2010

BIOLOGYPAPER 2

Two and a half hours

Instructions to candidates:

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOUARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Answerallquestions in Section A. Write your answers in thespaces provided.

Answer anyfourquestions in Section B. Write your answerson your own answer sheets. Begin each answer on a freshsheet of paper and arrange your answers in numerical order.Tie your answer sheets to this question paper.

Answers should be illustrated by large andclearly labelled diagrams wherever suitable.

Answers may be written in either English or BahasaMalaysia.

For examiners use

Section A

1

2

3

4

Section B

Total

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This question paper consists of 11 printed pages

Section A [ 40 marks ]

Answerall questions in this section.

1. The process of transcription and translation are shown in the diagrams below.

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2. A photosystem in the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast is shown in the diagram below.

(a) Explain briefly the photoactivation of chlorophyll. [ 2 marks ]

.

.

.

.

(b) Describe briefly the function of the thylakoid membrane in photophosphorylation.[ 3 marks]

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chlorophyll

molecules

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( c ) List three ways in which cyclic photophosphorylation differs from non-cyclicphotophosphorylation [ 3 marks ]

( i )

(ii)

(iii)

( d ) List two ways in which oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria resemblesphotophosphorylation in chloroplasts. [ 2 marks ]

(i)

(ii)

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3. The diagram below shows part of a kidney nephron.

( a ) Name the structures A to C [ 3 marks ]

A ..

B ..

C ..

( b ) State the factors that enable ultrafiltration to occur. [ 2 marks ]

..

..

( c ) Explain why the plasma and glomerular filtrate differ in composition. [ 2 marks ]

..

..

..

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(d) Describe how the cells of the proximal convulated tubule are adapted to carry outreabsorption. [ 3 marks ]

..

..

..

..

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4. The diagram below shows the comb shape in chickens.

(a) The genotype R_pp gives a rose comb, rrP_ gives a pea comb, R_P_ gives a walnut comband rrpp gives a single comb. The dash ( _ ) indicates the presence of either the dominantor recessice allele.

List all the genopypes which will produce a walnut phenotype. [ 1 mark ]

( b ) In an experiment, chickens with rose combs were crossed with chickens with pea combs.All the resulting F1 offspring differed from both parents and had walnut combs.

When pairs of these F1 were allowed to interbreed, they produced the resulting F2 ratio inoffspring:

9 walnut comb : 3 rose comb : 3 pea comb : 1 single comb

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Draw a genetic diagram to explain both of these crosses. [ 7 marks ]

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( c ) A walnut comb chicken was crossed with a rose comb chicken. All the progeny hadwalnut combs.State the two possible pairs of parental genotypes that could produce these progeny.

[ 2 marks ]

( i ) x

( ii) . x ...

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Section B [60 marks]Answer anyfourquestions in this section.

5. ( a ) Explain the mechanism of action of enzymes [ 8 marks ]

( b ) Explain the effect of competitive inhibitors on enzyme activity. [ 7 marks ]

6. ( a ) Explain the Hatch Slack pathway in C4 plants. [ 13 marks ]

( b ) Explain briefly the significance of the Hatch - Slack pathway in C4 plants.

[ 2 marks ]

7. Explain the following cycles and state its physiological importance :

( a ) Cori Cycle [ 7 marks ]

( b ) Ornithine cycle [ 8 marks ]

8. ( a ) Explain what is meant by the term homeostasis [ 2 marks ]

( b) With the aid of a diagram, explain the mechanism of action of a non steroidhormone. [ 13 marks ]

9. ( a ) Explain briefly Darwins theory of natural selection. [5 marks ]

( b ) Explain how( i ) palaeontology

( ii) comparative anatomy

( iii) comparative embryology

support the theory of evolution.

[10 marks ]

10. ( a ) Explain what is meant by the term sustainable development. [ 2 marks ]

( b ) Discuss how sustainable development can be implemented in the followingareas :

( i ) forestry [ 5 marks ]

( ii) agriculture [ 5 marks ]

( iii ) fisheries [ 3 marks ]

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