Biology Lesson 2.2
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Transcript of Biology Lesson 2.2
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Lesson 2.2
Plants have 3 distinct tissue types:1. Structural tissue• composes most of the plant• four types:
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Lesson 2.2 Internal leaf structurePlants have three distinct tissue types:1. Structural tissueFour types
A. Epidermal•protects and covers •is covered by a cuticle (waxy layer) to prevent water loss and injury• Like plant’s skin• Is a single layer of cells
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Epidermal layer
Cuticle causes water to bead on leaves.
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Lesson 2.2 Internal leaf structure•Plants have three distinct tissue types:1. Structural tissue
• four types: A. Epidermal
B. Cork •replaces the epidermis as a plant grows• forms outer bark •protective layer •water proofs the stem•not found in herbaceous plants
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Lesson 2.2 Internal leaf structure1. Structural tissue
• four types:A. Epidermal B. Cork
C. Parenchyma Found on the roots, stems
and leavesCarries out photosynthesisstores food
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Lesson 2.2 Internal leaf structure1. Structural tissue
• four types:A. Epidermal B. Cork C. Parenchyma
D. Support/strengthening tissue • fibers run through stems, roots
and veins of leaves• thick walled • walls remain after dead for
support
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Lesson 2.2 Internal leaf structure•Plants have three distinct tissue types:1. Structural tissue
2. Vascular tissue (transport)
•sap containing
•found in stems, roots and veins/petioles of leaves
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Lesson 2.2 Internal leaf structure•Plants have three distinct tissue types:1. Structural tissue2. Vascular tissue (transport)
Two types of vascular tissue:
A.xylem – transports water and minerals upwardB.phloem – transports food from the
leaves to other parts of plant
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Lesson 2.2 Internal leaf structure•Plants have three distinct tissue types:1. Structural tissue2. Vascular tissue
3. Meristem •function is for growth and repair•found in certain areas where growth
takes place•produces undifferentiated cells
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Lesson 2.2 Internal leaf structure•Plants have three distinct tissue types:1. Structural tissue2. Vascular tissue3. Meristem
Two types of meristem:A. Apical meristem promotes growth in height Found in buds and growing roots
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Lesson 2.2 Internal leaf structure•Plants have three distinct tissue types:1. Structural tissue2. Vascular tissue3. Meristem
Two types of meristem:A. Apical meristem
B. Lateral meristem Promotes growth in widthTwo types:• vascular cambium – produces new
vascular tissue• cork cambium – produces new
cork tissue (bark area on tree)
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Transpiration – loss of water vapor from leaves and stems
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Three things that reduce transpiration are:
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1. Cuticle – waxy covering on some leaves
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2. Guard cells – open and close leaf pores (stomata)
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3. Leaf hairs – hair-like structures which form from the epidermis and reduce transpiration by reducing wind speed across the leaf
Electron microscopepicture of leaf hairs
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Leaf structures – cross section:1.Upper and Lower
epidermis protects and reduces water loss Like skin of plant cuticle on top ofepidermis
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Leaf structures:1. Upper and Lower epidermis
2. Mesophyll middle portion of leaf
Two layers of mesophyll:Palisade – where most of photosynthesis takes placeSpongy -where gases and water are stored
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Leaf structures:1. Upper and Lower epidermis 2. Mesophyll
3. Stomata – Stoma (singular)
• Tiny openings for gas exchange
• Protected on each side by guard cells
• Where water exits during transpiration
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Stomata
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Leaf structures:1. Upper and Lower epidermis 2. Mesophyll 3. Stomata
4. Guard cells• Open and close the
stomata
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Leaf structures:1. Upper and Lower epidermis 2. Mesophyll 3. Stomata4. Guard cells
5. Veins Contain the sap Run through mesophyll
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Venation Patterns
1. Palmate – veins radiate from a central point at the base of the leaf; like the palm of the hand. Ex. maple
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Venation Patterns 1. Palmate
2.Pinnate – has one main vein with smaller ones branching off; Ex. oak
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Venation Patterns 1. Palmate2. Pinnate
3. Parallel - veins run parallel for the length of the leaf, from the base.
Ex. Lily leaf
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PLANT CELLSoCell – basic unit of all living things
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PLANT CELLS
oAll cells are made up of 4 main elements: carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen
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PLANT CELLS
These 4 main elements form major compounds of all living things:
carbohydrate lipids(fats/oils) proteins, and nucleic acid
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The main parts of all cells:
1. Cell membrane
defines the cell and contains the cytoplasm and organelles within
Regulates what goes in and out of cell
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The main parts of all cells:1. Cell membrane
2. Cytoplasm - Jelly-like fluid where organelles and nucleus are suspended
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The main parts of all cells:1.Cell membrane 2. Cytoplasm
3. Nucleus Contains genetic
information (DNA) Controls cell activities Spherical shaped body near
center of the cell
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The main parts of all cells:1.Cell membrane 2. Cytoplasm3. Nucleus
4. Organelles
Tiny organ-like structures of the cell
See Handout
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Cell parts only in plants:
1. Cell wall Made of cellulose Only plant cells have them not
animal cells Humans are not able to digest
cellulose, but is good bulk for diet
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Cell parts only in plants:1. Cell wall
Cellulose strengthens but allows for flexibility in plants•Cellulose is important to many industries such as the paper industry
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Cell parts only in plants:
1. Cell wall
•Some cell walls also have lignin adding more stiffness to the cell wall of woody stems.
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Cell parts only in plants:
1. Cell wall
2. Chloroplast and chlorophyll
Chloroplast•Organelle containing chlorophyll•Most numerous in palisade mesophyll•Site of photosynthesis
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Cell parts only in plants:
1. Cell wall2. Chloroplast and chlorophyll
Chlorophyll•Green pigment found in the chloroplast•Traps energy from sunlight•Important to photosynthesis
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Cell parts only in plants:
1. Cell wall2.Chloroplast and chlorophyll
3. VacuolesoStorage of food and wateroUsually 1 or 2 large ones
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Differences between plant and animal cells:
Plant AnimalRectangular shape round shape1 large vacuole many small Larger than animal smaller thancell plant cell
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