Biology Introduction - BIOLOGY @ VVECHS€¦ · Biology Introduction Pre-AP Biology September 3 or...
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Biology Introduction Pre-AP Biology September 3 or 5, 2019
Transcript of Biology Introduction - BIOLOGY @ VVECHS€¦ · Biology Introduction Pre-AP Biology September 3 or...
Biology Introduction
Pre-AP BiologySeptember 3 or 5, 2019
What is biology?
ÊBiology – the scientific study of living things
ÊBiologists consider an object to be alive if, and only if, it displays all of the following properties.
Properties of living things
ÊReproduction: All organisms
reproduce their own kind.
ÊGrowth and development: Information carried by genes controls the pattern of growth in all organisms.
Ê Some change drastically through a process called metamorphosis
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Chapter Table of Contents
Properties of living things.
ÊEnergy use: Every organism takes in energy (from eating or environment), converts it to useful forms, and expels energy.
Ê All activities of the cell require energy and matter to proceed.
ÊOrder: Each living thing has a complex but well-ordered structure.
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Chapter Table of Contents
Properties of living things
ÊCells: All living organisms consist of cells.
Some living organisms have just one cell.
Some living organisms have trillions of cells.
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Chapter Table of Contents
Properties of living things
ÊResponse to the environment (external stimuli)
Ê All organisms respond to changes in the environment.
ÊMany of these responses help to keep an organism’s internal environment within narrow limits (homeostasis).
ÊHomeostasis maintains a stable internal body environment (such as temperature control)
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Chapter Table of Contents
Properties of living things
ÊAdaptations: Individuals with traits that help them survive and reproduce pass the genes for those traits to offspring, driving the evolution of populations.
Elephants and woolly mammoths share a common ancestor.© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter Table of Contents
Life can be studied at many levels
An organism is an individual living being.
An organ system is a group of organs that work together.
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Chapter Table of Contents
Life can be studied at many levels
An organ consists of multiple tissues that cooperate toperform a specific task.
A tissue is an integrated group of similar cells that work together.
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Chapter Table of Contents
Life can be studied at many levels
The cell is the fundamental unit of life.
An organelle is a componentof the cell that performs aspecific function.
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Chapter Table of Contents
Life can be studied at many levels
A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together.
An atom is the fundamental unit of matter.
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Chapter Table of Contents
Major themes underlie the study of biology at all levels
Ê Focusing on these themes helps us organize and make sense of all the information in biology.
Structure and function
Information Flow
Energy & Matter Pathways
Evolution
Interconnections
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Chapter Table of Contents
Structure and function correlate at all levels of biological organization
Ê Within biological systems, structure (the shape of something) and function (what it does) often provide insight into each other.
The millions of tiny sacs in your lungs provide a structure that correlates with the function of gas exchange.
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Chapter Table of Contents
Information flow is apparent at all levels of biological organization
Ê The information in all genes is encoded in an identical chemical language common to all organisms.
Ê Many inherited diseases result from improper information in the form of a gene mutation.
People with Parkinson’s disease have a gene with faulty information.
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Chapter Table of Contents
What are the characteristics of living organisms?
ÊLiving things are called organisms and contain genetic information (DNA)
ÊUse DNA to reproduce themselves
ÊAre genetically related and have evolved
ÊAll living things are made up of one or more cells
ÊA cell is the smallest unit of life and perform all of life’s functions
What is the goal of science?
ÊTo investigate, understand and to explain events in the natural world
ÊUnlike other disciplines, science relies on facts
An example of early advances in science is on how life started
Ê It was once believe that life could come from non-living things. This first theory was called spontaneous generation.
ÊSpontaneous generation is when life arises from something non-living
Why would they think this?
The theory of biogenesis, life arises from living organisms, is the most valid theory on life today.
