Biology II Dissection The Promised Land. Kingdom Anamalia Animal Kingdom contains organisms that...
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Transcript of Biology II Dissection The Promised Land. Kingdom Anamalia Animal Kingdom contains organisms that...
Kingdom Anamalia• Animal Kingdom contains organisms
that are: –multicellular– diploid –heterotrophic–ingestive nutrition–eukaryotic–oogamous sexual reproduction–blastula embryonic development
Kingdom Anamalia
• The Animal Kingdom contains the most species (more than 1 million known and an estimated 1 million undiscovered)
• Animals are divided into 10 phyla divided into subphyla, classes and orders
• 5 Lower Invertebrates(sponges, jellyfish some worms)
• 4 Higher Invertebrates(snails,insects,starfish)• 1 Chordata (fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians,
mammals & me & you)
Kingdom Anamalia
• Multicellular Animals = Metazoa
• The metazoan cell is a specialized part of the whole organism and is incapable of independent existence
• Protozoan cells can live independently
Kingdom Anamalia - Criteria for phylum placement
• 1) Number of cells/level of organization, cells > tissues > organs > systems
• 2) Number of Embryonic “Germ Layers”• diploblastic - 2 layers of tissue - ectoderm &
endoderm, separated by a mesoglea layer “middle glue”
• triploblastic - ectoderm - skin & nervous tissue - mesoderm - support &
movement - endoderm - digestive organs,
spleen, pancreas
Kingdom Anamalia
• Embryonic layers develop into body layers• Most animals become a “tube within a tube”• Inner tube, endoderm, is lining of the
digestive tract• Outer tube, ectoderm, is protective and sense
organs• In between tubes, mesoderm, are
reproductive, muscular, circulatory and excretion systems.
Kingdom Anamalia
• Animals with three body layers can be divided into three categories
• acoelomates have no space between their layers
• coelomates contain a fluid-filled space in the mesoderm (coelom). This allows their body organs to move independently.
• Pseudocoelomates - fluid-filled pseudocoel between layers
Kingdom Anamalia - Criteria for phylum placement
• 3) Determination of basic structural relationships • Homologies - homologous structures - a structure
with similar structure and derived from the same embryonic tissue
• (wing of a bat, wing of a bird, fin of a fish, arm of a human)
• Analogies - Analogous structures - structure with similar function but different embryonic tissues
• (leg of a centipede/ dog -or- wings of bee / bird)
Kingdom Anamalia - Criteria for phylum placement
• 4) Body symmetry in the young and in the adult
• Asymmetry - no equal sides
• Radial symmetry - central point, several places to divide in half equally - ex. Starfish
• Bilateral symmetry - 1 plane of symmetry ex. Human
Kingdom Anamalia - Criteria for phylum placement
• Related terms: • anterior, posterior, transverse plane• ventral, dorsal, coronal plane,• sagittal plane, bi-symmetrical • proximal & distal
Kingdom Anamalia - more symmetry terms
• Oral - toward the mouth• Aboral - away from the mouth• Caudal - toward the tail• Lateral - on the side• Medial - toward the midline