Biology Excretion chapter questions

8/18/2019 Biology Excretion chapter questions

1/23

Andy Todd

thebiotutor.com

2I Excretion

Time: 1 hour 6 minutesTotal marks available: 66

Total marks achieved: ______


2/23

Andy Todd

Q1.

One of the characteristics of living organisms is the ability to respond to a change intheir surroundings.

In mammals, such as humans, responses are controlled by nervous or hormonal communication.

(a) ADH is an example of a hormone.(i) Where is ADH produced?(1)

..............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Describe the effects of ADH in the body.(3)

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(b) Describe two ways in which nervous communication differs from hormonal communication.(2)

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(c) Plants are also able to respond to their surroundings. The diagram shows youngcereal shoots (coleoptiles) which are placed in different light conditions.

Complete the diagram to suggest how each of the shoots would appear after two days.(3)


3/23

Andy Todd

(d) Plant roots also respond to external stimuli.Describe the response of roots to gravity and explain how this response benefitsthe plant.

(3) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 12 marks)


4/23

Andy Todd

Q2.

(a) The table lists some structures that provide a large surface area for the diffusionof substances.Complete the table by naming the organ in which each structure is found.The first one has been done for you.

(3)

(b) What is meant by the term diffusion ?(2)

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(c) The nephron is involved in the removal of substances from the blood.Describe how substances are removed from the blood into the nephron.

(2) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................



5/23

Andy Todd

Q3.

The skin is an organ of homeostasis and excretion.

(a) Describe what is meant by the term excretion .(2)

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(b) The diagram shows a section through the skin with two structures labelled A and B.

The structures labelled A and B play a part in homeostasis when a person enters avery warm environment.

(i) Explain the role of structure A.This text is an indented paragraph that lines up with the text after the "i)".

(3) ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Explain the role of structure B.(3)

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................


6/23

Andy Todd

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(c) Some hormones are involved in homeostasis.(i) Explain the role of insulin in homeostasis.

(2) ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Explain the role of ADH in homeostasis.(3)

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................



7/23

Andy Todd

Q4.

The human kidney removes urea from the blood.

(a) Name two other substances the kidney removes from the blood.(2)

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(b) The diagram shows a simple kidney machine that uses dialysis to remove ureafrom the blood.

Dialysis allows small molecules to be removed from the blood. This is done bypassing the dialysis solution over the tube containing the blood. The small moleculesmove from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

(i) Give one way in which dialysis is similar to diffusion.(1)

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Give one way in which dialysis is similar to osmosis.(1)

..............................................................................................................................................


8/23

Andy Todd

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(iii) Describe how the kidney machine removes urea from the blood.(2)

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(iv) Another function of the kidney machine is to maintain normal blood glucoseconcentration.

Suggest how the concentration of glucose in the dialysis solution helps tomaintain a normal glucose concentration in the blood.

(2)

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(v) Describe two processes that take place in the kidney but not in the kidneymachine.

(4) ..............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(c) Kidney failure can be treated by transplanting a healthy donor kidney into thepatient.(i) The procedure involves connecting two blood vessels and a tube to thetransplanted kidney.

Name the two blood vessels and the tube.(2)

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Suggest why the transplanted kidney is placed in the lower abdomen insteadof in the kidney's usual location.

(2) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................


9/23

Andy Todd

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................



10/23

Andy Todd

Q5.

The diagram shows some of the blood vessels and a nephron in the human kidney.The numbers represent the concentration of glucose at various places in the bloodvessels and in the nephron, in arbitrary units.

(a) Explain how the structure of the blood vessels entering and leaving the glomerulushelp to move glucose into the Bowman's capsule.

(2) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

(b) What type of blood vessels are found in the glomerulus?(1)

..............................................................................................................................................

(c) (i) Describe how glucose is reabsorbed from the nephron back into the blood.(2)

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................


11/23

Andy Todd

..............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Suggest why glucose needs to be returned to the blood.(2)

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................



12/23

Andy Todd

Q6.

(a) The diagram shows a section through a leaf.

(i) Name the structures labelled A and B.(2)

A ....................................................................................................................................................................................................B ....................................................................................................................................................................................................

(ii) Give the function of the waxy cuticle.

(1) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

(iii) Some of the leaf cells carry out photosynthesis. Write a word equation for thisprocess.

(2) ..............................................................................................................................................

(iv) Plants, like all living organisms, need to excrete waste products.Explain how the excretory product of photosynthesis is removed from theleaf.

(2) ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

(b) Some plants lose their leaves in cooler months. This can be described as anexcretory mechanism. Suggest two other reasons why some plants lose theirleaves in cooler months.

(2)

1 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................


13/23

Andy Todd

2 .....................................................................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

(c) Name one excretory organ in humans and name the substance it excretes.(2)

organ

..............................................................................................................................................

substance

..............................................................................................................................................


Q1.

In this question candidates needed to recall where ADH is produced. Mostcandidates stated the pituitary glands and some the hypothalamus. On thisoccasion at International GCSE we were prepared to accept the site of releaseand the site of production. In part (a) (ii) candidates had to describe theeffects of ADH on the body. The best responses described how ADH increasesthe permeability of the collecting duct wall. This leads to more water beingreabsorbed into the blood by osmosis resulting in a smaller volume of moreconcentrated urine being released. Some candidates tried to describe the effectof less ADH and generally confused themselves.In part (b) most could recall two differences between nervous and hormonalcommunication. In part (c) candidates had to predict the outcome of anexperiment on coleoptiles and light. Almost all could draw the correct responsefor the light from all around and most for unidirectional light few gained the markfor coleoptile in darkness. In (d) most candidates could describe the response ofroots as positively geotropic and helping the plant by absorbing water andmineral ions. Fewer mentioned the role of the roots in anchoring the plant.

Q2.

This question gave candidates a table of structures that provide a large surfacearea for diffusion. Almost all could identify the organs correctly. In part (b) mostcould describe diffusion as the movement of particles down a concentrationgradient but less able candidates wrote about substances moving rather thanions, particles or molecules. In (c) the best responses included the movement ofmolecules from the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule under pressure.

Q3.

For this question the better students are fully aware that excretion involves the removal ofmetabolic waste from the human body and gained full marks. Many gave named metabolic wasteproducts and many confused excretion with egestion. Most appreciated that the labelled part A inthe diagram of a skin section was a sweat gland. Marks were given for appreciating that released


14/23

Andy Todd

sweat will help the body lose heat when it evaporates. Weaker students struggled to interpret thediagram and wrote about part A as if it were a hair follicle or a receptor. Most recognised part Bin the diagram and the best students gained all three marks by discussing the role of vasodilationallowing more blood to reach the skin surface and how this would help in cooling the body.Weaker students believed that the blood vessels move closer to the skin surface. Part (c)examined knowledge about the role of insulin. Students are encouraged to be precise with theirlanguage. Marks were given if students stated clearly that insulin reduces blood glucose by

converting it to glygogen which is stored in the liver. Correct spelling of glycogen was essentialas there were many answers where the term glucagon was used and examiners needed to beconfident that the students knew the difference. The role of ADH in osmoregulation is well knownby students. Marks were awarded for appreciating that ADH increases the permeability of thecollecting duct so water can be reabsorbed into the blood.

Q4.

This question concerned the kidney and use of a dialysis machine. In part (a)most candidates could name one substance removed by the kidney. Thisquestion sought to examine the ability of students to apply biologicalprinciples to an unfamiliar context and therefore discriminated well betweencandidates. . In part (b) (i) and (ii) candidates had to give one way thatdialysis is similar to diffusion and one way in which dialysis is similar toosmosis. Most could describe dialysis and diffusion as being down aconcentration gradient and many could also recognise the presence of apartially permeable as being common to dialysis and osmosis. In part (iii)the better candidates could explain how urea is removed from the blood bydiffusion down a concentration gradient and across a partially permeablemembrane. In part (iv) only the candidates with higher levels ofunderstanding could suggest how the concentration of glucose in thedialysis fluid maintains the blood glucose level. In part (v) the bestresponses could describe ultrafiltration and selective reabsorption asprocesses that occur in the kidney but not in the dialysis machine. Part (c)(i) asked candidates to recall the blood vessels and the tube that areconnected to a kidney. Many could name the blood vessels but someconfused urethra with ureter or attempted an amalgam of the two. Finally,in part (c) (ii) only the most able could suggest that the transplanted kidneyis placed in the lower abdomen as the kidney will be nearer the bladder, theureter and blood vessels can be shorter and access is easier.

Q5.

In this question only the best students were able to access part (a) of this question fully. Fewrecognised that the difference in the diameter of the afferent and efferent arterioles is responsiblefor the pressure needed for ultrafiltration, and many students gave irrelevant answers concerningcapillary structure and diffusion. In part (b), most recalled that the blood vessels of theglomerulus are capillaries. In part (c), only the better students were able to gain full marks, nodoubt understanding that the numbers on the diagram indicate the involvement of active

transport. Most appreciated in part (d) the importance of glucose as a substrate for respiration.


15/23

Andy Todd

Q6.

This question provided a diagram of a section through a leaf. In part a)almost all candidates could correctly name the structures labelled. Mostwere able to give the function of the waxy cuticle as reducing transpirationand preventing entry of microorganisms. Most could also give the wordequation for photosynthesis, although a significant minority chose to givechemical formulae. In the final part the better candidates gained full creditfor explaining that oxygen exits the stomata down a diffusion gradient froma high concentration to a lower one outside the leaf. Part b) askedcandidates to suggest reasons why some plants lose their leaves in coolermonths. Answers that gained credit included reduction of water loss, lack ofsunlight for photosynthesis and conservation of energy resources.


16/23

Andy Todd

Q1.


17/23

Andy Todd

Q2.


18/23

Andy Todd

Q3.


19/23

Andy Todd

Q4.


20/23

Andy Todd


21/23

Andy Todd


22/23

Andy Todd

Q5.

Q6.


23/23

Biology Excretion chapter questions

Documents

Transcript of Biology Excretion chapter questions