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Biology Chapters 17 & 18

Communities and Environment

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9 Land Biomes

• The type of Biome that is found in an area is determined by the annual rainfall and average annual temperature

• Desert – Hot and Dry• Tropical Rain Forest – Hot and Wet• Tundra – Cold and Dry • Taiga – Cold and Wet• Grasslands – medium Temp and medium rain

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Desert Biome

• Located in the interior of continents• Found in the rain shadow of mountains• Plants and Animals are adapted for conserving

water and limiting water loss• Deserts have very low biomass per acre• Deserts have very low productivity and few

organisms

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Tropical Rain Forest

• TRF have very high productivity and very high numbers of organisms per acre

• TRF have very high biomass per acre• Plants in the TRF hold most of the nutrients and

the soil is poor (not fertile) • TRF are found just North and South of the

equator• More species are found in the TRF than any of

the other 9 Land Biomes

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Grasslands and Savannas

• Grasslands make up the central part of the United States (Bread Basket of North America)

• Grasses make up the majority of the food that people eat (rice, wheat, and corn)

• Herds of grazing animals are found in Grasslands and Savannas (zebra, gazelles, bison)

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Deciduous Forest

• Moderate Temperature Moderate Rain• Forests here in Baldwin County are DF• Some animals hibernate during the winter

example: squirrels stay in their nests• Many trees lose their leaves in at the start of

winter

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4 Types of Symbiosis

• Symbiosis: when two dissimilar species live together in close association

1. Parasitism: one benefits the other is harmed ex: tick on a human

2. Predator – Prey: one benefits the other is killed ex: man eating chicken

3. Mutualism: Both benefit ex: bees pollinate4. Commensalism: one benefits the other not

effected ex: clown fish - sea anemone and whale - barnacles

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Ocean Ecosystems

• There are 3 types of Ocean Ecosystems1. Intertidal – where the water and land meet2. Photic Zone – open ocean where sunlight is

found 3. Euphotic Zone – deep ocean where sunlight

does not penetrate

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Invasive Organisms

• Also called non Native species• Have a negative effect on natural ecosystems

because they take over and push out plants and animals

• Examples: Kudzu, moon jellyfish, nutria

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Short Answer Question

• Describe the two factors that dictate what type of land Biomes are found in areas on Earth

• Draw the Biome Diagram• Draw out the 9 area Table

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Short Answer Question

• List the four types of species symbiotic relationships

• Define the relationships and give examples of each type