Biology ch 3 review
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Transcript of Biology ch 3 review
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Biology ch 3 review
Biochemistry/macromolecules
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• This variable is always placed on the x axis.
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• Independent variable – we control it
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• What is the optimal temperature for the enzyme lipase (shown in the graph below)? At what temperature would the enzymes become denatured?
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• Optimum temperature is 50°C– So much above that would denature the enzyme
(break down the protein)
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• What is the independent variable in this graph? The dependent variable? What is being tested? Results?
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• Independent variable – time • Dependent variable – growth (cm)• Tested – soil type affect on plant growth• Results – N and P had most growth
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• This forms when electrons are shared between 2 atoms.
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• Covalent bond
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• This element (along with hydrogen) is present in all organic compounds.
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• carbon
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• Carbon is unique because it likes to form _____ bonds with itself.
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• 4
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• Large, organic molecules are known as this.
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• macromolecules
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• These are the two main types of nucleic acids in living organisms.
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• DNA / RNA• ATP
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• These are the elements that make carbohydrates.
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• C, H and O• Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen • 1:2:1 ratio
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• This is the subunit used to build carbohydrate.
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• monosaccharides
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• This is another name for a long chain of sugars bonded together
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• Polysaccharide
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2 functions of carbohyrdrates?
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• Quick energy• Communication in cells• Structure - cell walls in plants
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• These are the elements that make up fats.
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• C,H and O• Carbon, hydrogen and carbon
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• This is another name for fats.
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• lipids
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• 2 uses for fats.
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• Makes up cell membranes• Long term energy storage• Waxes• Triglycerides
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• Four subcategories of fats?
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– Fats & Fatty Acids– Phospholipids– Sterols– Waxes
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• Why are lipids called hydrophobic or water-fearing?
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• They are nonpolar so not attracted to the polar water molecule
• (fat/oil floats on water)
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• These are the elements used to make proteins.
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• C, H, O and N• Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
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• These are the subunits that make up proteins.
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• Amino acids
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• Amin group (N)• Carboxyl group – acid (COOH)• R group – anything• hydrogen
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• Many globular proteins function as this so chemical reactions can occur at a fast rate in living organisms.
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• enzymes
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• These two things will cause enzymes to become inactive (denatured)
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• Change in pH and temp
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• The liquid in the stomach has a pH of about 2. Which of the two enzymes would be active in the stomach?
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• pepsin
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• Consider the data on the relationship between pH and enzyme activity shown in the graph. Do enzymes typically function only at a specific pH, or can they function within a range of pH values?
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• Specific range of pH (and temp)
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• What does graph show about enzyme action and activation energy?
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• Enzymes lower activation energy
• Really look at this graph - understand it?