Biology ch 3 review Biochemistry/macromolecules. This variable is always placed on the x axis.This...
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Transcript of Biology ch 3 review Biochemistry/macromolecules. This variable is always placed on the x axis.This...
Biology ch 3 review
Biochemistry/macromolecules
• This variable is always placed on the x axis.
• Independent variable – we control it
• What is the optimal temperature for the enzyme lipase (shown in the graph below)? At what temperature would the enzymes become denatured?
• Optimum temperature is 50°C– So much above that would denature the enzyme
(break down the protein)
• What is the independent variable in this graph? The dependent variable? What is being tested? Results?
• Independent variable – time • Dependent variable – growth (cm)• Tested – soil type affect on plant growth• Results – N and P had most growth
• This forms when electrons are shared between 2 atoms.
• Covalent bond
• This element (along with hydrogen) is present in all organic compounds.
• carbon
• Carbon is unique because it likes to form _____ bonds with itself.
• 4
• Large, organic molecules are known as this.
• macromolecules
• These are the two main types of nucleic acids in living organisms.
• DNA / RNA• ATP
• These are the elements that make carbohydrates.
• C, H and O• Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen • 1:2:1 ratio
• This is the subunit used to build carbohydrate.
• monosaccharides
• This is another name for a long chain of sugars bonded together
• Polysaccharide
2 functions of carbohyrdrates?
• Quick energy• Communication in cells• Structure - cell walls in plants
• These are the elements that make up fats.
• C,H and O• Carbon, hydrogen and carbon
• This is another name for fats.
• lipids
• 2 uses for fats.
• Makes up cell membranes• Long term energy storage• Waxes• Triglycerides
• Four subcategories of fats?
– Fats & Fatty Acids– Phospholipids– Sterols– Waxes
• Why are lipids called hydrophobic or water-fearing?
• They are nonpolar so not attracted to the polar water molecule
• (fat/oil floats on water)
• These are the elements used to make proteins.
• C, H, O and N• Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
• These are the subunits that make up proteins.
• Amino acids
• Amin group (N)• Carboxyl group – acid (COOH)• R group – anything• hydrogen
• Many globular proteins function as this so chemical reactions can occur at a fast rate in living organisms.
• enzymes
• These two things will cause enzymes to become inactive (denatured)
• Change in pH and temp
• The liquid in the stomach has a pH of about 2. Which of the two enzymes would be active in the stomach?
• pepsin
• Consider the data on the relationship between pH and enzyme activity shown in the graph. Do enzymes typically function only at a specific pH, or can they function within a range of pH values?
• Specific range of pH (and temp)
• What does graph show about enzyme action and activation energy?
• Enzymes lower activation energy
• Really look at this graph - understand it?