BIOLOGY...BIOLOGY Class XII MODERN PUBLISHERS (Producers of Quality Textbooks) PART-I By M.Sc.,...

BIOLOGYBIOLOGYClass XII

MODERN PUBLISHERS(Producers of Quality Textbooks)

PART-I

By

M.Sc., Ph.D., Dip. in FrenchFormerly Head, Deptt. of Botany,

Dyal Singh College,Karnal

Dr. B. B. Arora

GENERAL EDITORSDr. Ruchi AroraRaj Sabharwal

SumanShreya

According to new syllabus prescribed by Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), New Delhi and State

Boards of Uttarakhand, Karnataka ( nd Year PUC), Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Punjab, Haryana, Himachal,II

A. K. SabharwalM.Sc., M.Phil. (Gold-Medalist),

Formerly Head, Deptt. of Zoology,S.D. College,

Panipat

abc OF

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About the book

Other important features of this book are

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This book has been divided into five units : Reproduction, Genetics and Evolution, Biology inHuman Welfare, Biotechnology and Its Applications and Ecology and Environment. Firstunit on ‘Reproduction’ includes chapters on Reproduction in Organisms, SexualReproduction in Flowering Plants, Human Reproduction and Reproductive Health. Secondunit on ‘Genetics and Evolution’ deals with the chapters like Principles of Inheritance andVariation, Molecular Basis of Inheritance and Evolution. We have put special emphasis onmaking the concepts clear for various aspects of Genetics and Evolution. Third unit of‘Biology and Human Welfare’ includes the comprehensive study of Human Health andDisease, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production and Microbes in Human Welfare. Infourth unit on 'Biotechnology and Its Applications which has been introduced in syllabus forthe first time, attempts have been made to explain the basic principles, processes andapplications of Biotechnology. The fifth unit on 'Ecology and Environment' incorporatestopics like Habitats, Organisms and Populations, Ecosystem, Biodiversity and EnvironmentalIssues. This unit includes details of Ecosystem components, types and Energy flow, Species,Population and Community, Ecological adaptations, Conservation of biodiversity andvarious current environmental problems.

Multiple Choice Questions. These include self-prepared questions as well asquestions asked in various competitive examinations like CBSE, AFMC, BHU,AIIMS, CPMT, DPMT, MP-PMT, KCET, Chd. CET, Haryana PMT, Pb. PMT,NEET etc., including MCQs of latest 2016 competitive examinations. This willhelp you to assess your knowledge and to prepare yourself for CBSE andvarious competitiveFill in the Blan

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True oReasoninAssertion

This is being presented after microscopic revision. Each and every word hasbeen read with utmost care. Being a smart book, it is incorporated with which isthe first augmented reality app. for K-12 Education in India. NYTRA will facilitate the readersto understand the basics and the alligorical background of the subject matter very easily andclearly with the help of different laminations.

the words/sentences.r False.

g Type Questions (For AIIMS aspirants).Type Questions (For AIIMS aspirants).

Test questions at the end of each chapter. These have been classified into followingcategories:

Very Short Answer Questions (One mark each)— Solved.Short Answer Questions (Two marks each) — Solved.Short Answer Questions (Three marks each).Long Answer Questions (Five marks each).

Solved Very Short Answer Questions (One mark) and Short Answer Questions(Two marks) asked in CBSE and various State Board examinations have also beenincluded.

Chapter Practice Test

Our strength is Modern Publishers who helped us with boundless support. We would liketo express our gratitude to Mr. Manik Juneja, National Head—Content Operations,Mr. B.S. Rawat, Mr. S.K. Sikka and Mr. Ravinder Pathania for their help and cooperation toprepare the project.

‘SMART BOOK’

“NYTRA”,

– Dr. B.B. Arora– Ashok Sabharwal

CLASS XII (THEORY)

BIOLOGY

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks 70

Unit Title No. of Periods Marks

Total 160 70

Reproduction in organisms :

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants :

Human reproduction :

Reproductive health :

Heredity and variation :

Molecular Basis of Inheritance :

Evolution :

I. Reproduction 30 14II. Genetics and Evolution 40 18

III. Biology and Human Welfare 30 14

IV. Biotechnology and its Applications 30 10V. Ecology and Environment 30 14

Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms forcontinuation of species; Modes of reproduction – Asexual and sexual reproduction; Asexualreproduction – Binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule formation, fragmentation;vegetative propagation in plants.

Flower structure; Development of male and femalegametophytes; Pollination – types, agencies and examples; Outbreeding devices; Pollen-Pistilinteraction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events-Development of endosperm and embryo,Development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modes – apomixis, parthenocarpy,polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.

Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis andovary; Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis and oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation; embryodevelopment upto blastocyst formation, implantation; Pregnancy and placenta formation(Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea); Lactation (Elementary idea).

Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitteddiseases (STDs); birth control – need and methods, contraception and medical termination ofpregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT,GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness).

Mendelian Inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism – Incompletedominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy;Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Chromosomes andgenes; Sex determination – in humans, birds and honey bee; Linkage and crossing over; Sex–linkedinheritance - Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - Thalassemia;chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.

Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material;Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; Transcription,genetic code, translation; Gene expression and regulation - Lac Operon; Genome and human andrice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.

Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution(Paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin'scontribution, Modern synthetic theory of Evolution; Mechanism of evolution - Variation (Mutationand Recombination) and Natural Selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flowand genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg's principle; Adaptive Radiation; Human evolution.

Unit I : Periods

Unit II : Periods

REPRODUCTION 30

GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 40

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SYLLABUS

Unit III: eriods

Unit IV: eriods

Unit V: eriods

BIOLOGY AND HUMAN WELFARE 30 P

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATIONS 30 P

ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT 30 P

Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, dengue,chikungunya, Filariasis, Ascariasis, Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm);and their control; Basic concepts of immunology – vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescene,drug and alcohol abuse.

Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein,Biofortification, Apiculture and Animal husbandry.

In household food processing, industrial production, sewagetreatment, energy generation and microbes as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. Antibiotics;production and judicious use.

Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology).Human insulin and vaccine production,

stem cell technology, gene therapy; Genetically modified organisms – Bt crops; TransgenicAnimals; Biosafety issues - Biopiracy and patents.

Habitat and niche, Population and ecological adaptations;Population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; Population attributes -growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.

Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; Energy flow; Pyramids ofnumber, biomass, energy; Nutrient cycles (carbon and phosphorous); Ecological succession;Ecological Services – Carbon fixation, pollination, seed dispersal, oxygen release (in brief).

Concept of Biodiversity; Patterns of Biodiversity; Importance ofBiodiversity; Loss of Biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots, endangered organisms,extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.

Air pollution and its control; Water pollution and its control;Agrochemicals and their effects; Solid waste management; Radioactive waste management;Greenhouse effect and climate change; Ozone layer depletion; Deforestation; Any one case study assuccess story addressing environmental issue(s).

Health and Disease :

Improvement in food production :

Microbes in human welfare :

Principles and processes of Biotechnology :

Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture :

Organisms and environment :

Ecosystems :

Biodiversity and its conservation :

Environmental issues :

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CONTENTSPART–I

UNIT I : REPRODUCTION

UNIT II : GENETICS AND EVOLUTION

Chapter Summary 22 – 22

NCERT Exercise Questions Solved 23 – 24

NCERT Exemplar Problems Solved 25 – 28

Revision Exercises 31 – 36

Competition File 36 – 42





















Reproduction in Organisms 3 – 42

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants 43 – 100

Human Reproduction 101 – 181

Reproductive Health 182 – 230

Principles of Inheritance and Variation 233 – 325

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance 326 – 409

Evolution 410 – 528

Answers to Chapter Practice Tests (1 to 7) 529 – 536

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in Engineering and Medical

For

JEE-Main Precise discussion of chapters,emphasising allbasic principles, definitions, diagrams,

terms and analytical relations.

Exclusive Numerical Problems (Solved).

Fill in the Blanks and True orFalse Statements.

Self Evaluation Tests.

Coverage of previous years'objective and subjective questions of

various examinations.

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Objective Physics

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JEE-Main Sample Papers

All questions have been picked up fromthe various entrance examinations.

The most exhaustive books everpublished.

ForNEET

Cover the most tricky and difficultquestions.

Modern’s abc Series Always Firstwith the Best.

Multiple Choice Questions with MiscellaneousMCQ's (with Hints and Solutions).

Fathers in the field of BiologyFather of Biology : Aristotle

Father of Botany : Theophrastus

Father of Zoology : Aristotle

Father of Bacteriology : Robert Koch

Father of Plant Physiology : Stephan Hales

Father of Taxonomy : Carl Linnaeus

Father of Genetics : G. J. Mendel

Father of Experimental Genetics : Morgan

Father of Modern Cytology : Carl P. Swanson

Father of Plant Anatomy : N. Grew

Father of Mycology : Micheli

Father of Palynology : Erdtman

Father of Eugenics : Francis Galton

Father of Biochemical Genetics : Archibald Garrod

Father of DNA finger printing : Alec Jaffery

Father of Endocrinology : Addison

Father of ATP cycle : Lipmann

Father of Indian Ecology : R. Mishra

Father of Comparative Anatomy : Bason George Cuvier

Father of Modern Anatomy : Andreas Vesalium

Father of Experimental Physiology : Galen

Father of Modern Embryology : K. V. Baer

Father of Ayurveda : Charaka

Father of Palaeontology : L. da Vinci

Father of Medicine : Hippocrates

Father of Indian Mycology : E. J. Butler

Father of Microbiology : Louis Pasteur

Father of Mutation : Hugo de Vries

Father of Immunology : Edward Jenner

Father of Modern Genetics : Bateson

Father of Blood groups : C. Landsteiner

Father of Genetic Engineering : Paul Berg

Father of Biochemistry : Leibig

Father of ECG : Einthoven

Father of Conditioned Reflex : Pavlov

Father of Plant Pathology : de Bary

Father of Antibiotics : Alexander Flemming

Father of Radiation Genetics : H. J. Muller

Father of Chemotherapy : Paul Enrich

Father of Virology : Stanley

Important symbols and abbreviationsAla : Alanine

A : Androecium

A : Adenine

ABA : Abscisic acid

ACTH : Adenocorticotrophic hormone

ATP : Adenosine triphosphate

Aa : Heterozygous dominant

AAAA : Autotetraploid

AABB : .Allotetraploid

Å : Angstrom (= 0.0001 of a micron)

ADP : Adenosine diphosphate

AIDS : Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome

AMP : Adenosine monophosphate

1 Atmosphere : 76.00 cm of Hg = 1.01 x 105 Pa.

ANS : Autonomic Nervous System

arg : Arginine

ACT : Acoustic test facility

ADH : Antidiuretic hormone

5 Bro : 5 Bromo uracil

Br : Bracteate flower

: Bacteriophage

BOD : Biochemical oxygen demand

BMR : Basal metabolic rate

C : Corolla

C : Cytosine

C2 : Plants showing photorespiration

CDP : Cytosine diphosphate

CTP : Cytosine triphosphate

CT : Calcitonin hormone

CoQ : Coenzyme Q

Cyt : Cytochrome

Cp : Compare

CMP : Cytosine monophosphate

CVA : Cerebrovascular accident

C4 : Plants with Hatch and Slack cycle

CoA : Coenzyme A

C : Cytosine

C3 : Calvin cycle plants

COD : Chemical oxygen demand

CIFRI : Central inland fisheries research institute

DNP : Deoxyribo nucleoproteins

DLC : Differential leucocyte count

DDT : Dichlorophenyl trichloroethane

DPD : Diffusion pressure deficit

DPT : Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus vaccine

DNA : Deoxyribose nucleic acid

DPN : Diphosphopyridine nucleotide (Same as NAD)

EPR : Electro paramagnetic resonance

ECG : Electrocardiograph

EDTA : Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid

EEG : Electro encephalograph

Ebr : Ebracteate

EMP : Embden Meyerhof Parnas pathway

ESR : Electron spin resonance

Epi : Presence of epicalyx

ETS : Energy transfer system

ER : Endoplasmic reticulum

EM : Electron microscope

FSH : Follicle stimulating hormone

FAD : Flavin adenine dinucleotide

FMN : Flavin mono nucleotide

F2 : Second filial generation

FADH2 : Flavin adenine dinucleotide (reduced)

F1 particle : Oxysomes in mitochondria

F1 : First filial generation

GMP : Guanosine monophosphate

GA : Gibberellic acid

G : Guanine

GH : Growth hormone

GTH : Gonadotrophic hormone

HCLV-III : Human cell leukaemia virus III

HIV : Human immuno deficiency virus

ICSH : Interstitial cells stimulating hormone

IAA : Indole-3-acetic acid

ICRAF : International Council for Research in Agroforest

IU : International unit

IMP : Inosine monophosphate

IVI : Intravenous injection

IBA : Indole-3-butyric acid

1 light year : 9.46 x 1015 km

LSD : Lysergic acid dimethylamide

LH : Luteinising hormone

mRNA : Messenger Ribose Nucleic Acid

1 microgram : 10:6 gm

1 microlitre (ml) : 10:6 litre

MET : Magneto-encephalography

MSH Melanocyte stimulating hormone

NMRI Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging

NAD : Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NADH2 : Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced)

NAA : Naphthalene acetic acid

n : Nanometre

PEPA : Phosphoenol pyruvic acid

Pstd : Pistillode

PAN : Peroxyacyl nitrate

PEM : Protein energy malnutrition

PPi : Inorganic pyrophosphate

P : Perianth

PQ : Plastoquinone

PGA : Phosphoglyceric acid

PKU : Phenylketonuria

PS-I : Pigment system I

PS-II : Pigment system II

PIH : Protein inhibiting hormone

PPLO : Pleuro pneumonia-like organisms

RH : Releasing hormone

RG : Regulator gene

RuBP (RuDP) : Ribulose biphosphate

RER : Rough endoplasmic reticulum

RMP : Ribulose monophosphate

RNA : Ribose nucleic acid

RQ : Respiratory quotient

SER : Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

S : Svedberg unit

SCID : Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome

SQUID : Superconducting quantum interference device

TP : Turgor pressure

tRNA : Transfer ribose nucleic acid

TLC : Total leucocyte count

T : Thymine

TPN : Triphosphopyridine nucleotide

TTP : Thymidine triphosphate

TSH : Thyroid stimulating hormone

TPP : Thymine pyrophosphate

TCA : Tricarboxylic acid cycle

UMP : Uridine monophosphate

UAG : Nonsense codon

U : Uracil

UTP : Uridine triphosphate

UV : Ultraviolet

ABP : Androgen binding protein

ARF : Acute renal failure

WBC : White blood corpuscles

Inventions and DiscoveriesAmoeba : Roesel Von Rosenhof ABA : AddiottAmino acid sequence of : Sanger protein (insulin)

Anaerobic release of energy : L. Pasteur (1878)(Yeast & Mould)

Bacteria : LeeuwenhoekPure culture of Bacteria : Lister J.Bacteriophage : Towrt and De Herelle

(1915)Barr body : Barr and Bertram (1949)Blood capillaries : Marcello MalpighiBlood groups : Karl LandsteinerBlood circulation : William HarveyBioluminescence : E. R. DuboisBiocatalysts : BuchnerCyanophage : Saffermann and MorrisFirst description of cell (RBC) : Jan Swammerdam (1658)Chromosome number in man : Tijo and LevanCell : Robert Hooke (1665)Cell theory : Schleiden and SchwannReproductive system in flower : Grew (1682)Stethoscope : LaennecChromosomes : HofmeisterGolgi bodies : Cammileo GolgiPlastids : Haeckel (1866)Chloroplast : SchimperMitochondria : Kolliker (1880)Microtubules : Robertis and FrancisPhase contrast microscope : ZirnickeNucleolus : FontanaNucleoplasm : StrasburgerRibosomes (Animal cell) : PaladeSphaerosome : Pernes (1953)Astral rays and spindle : BeeversEndoplasmic reticulum : PorterCentral dogma : F.H.C. Crick (1918)Coenzyme A : C. LipmannChlorophyll structure : Willstartter and FisherCyclosis : AmiciCytochrome : C.A. Macmunn (1886)Citric acid cycle : Hans A. KrebsDouble helical structure of DNA : Watson and CrickBiological synthesis of : A. Kornberg DNA with template

Vitamin : Funk (1911) Streptomycin : Waksman

Patau’s syndrome : K. Patau

Some Important Days1st Week of Feb. Van Mahotsava (Festival of Tree Planting)

28th Feb. Vigyan Divas (National Science Day)

8th March International Women Day

21st March World Forest Day

26th March World Tuberculosis Day

7th April World Health Day

22nd April World Earth Day

3rd May International Sun Day (Non-conventional Energy Sources Day)

8th May World Red Cross Day

31st May World No Tobacco Day

5th June World Environment Day

1st Week of July Van Mahotsava (Tree Plantation)

llth July World Population Day

6th Aug. Hiroshima Day

8th Aug. Nagasaki Day

20th Aug. Malaria Day (Mosquito Day)

1st Oct. Blood Donation Day

3rd Oct. World Animal Day

4th Oct. World Habitat Day

16th Oct. World Food Day

14 Nov. World Diabetes Day (Birthday of Frederick Bauting - codiscoverer of Insulin in October, 1921)

1st Dec. World AIDS Day

2nd Dec. National Pollution Prevention Day

3rd Dec. World Conservation Day

23rd Dec. Kisan Divas

29th Dec. International Day for Biological Diversity

Important Theories/ Doctrines/Laws

Artificial system of classification Aristotle

Apical cell theory Hofmeister

Allen’s Law Allen

Artificial Parthenogenesis Loeb

Axial Gradient theory Child

Biogenetic Law Earnst Haeckel (1868)

Biological Species Concept Earnst Mayer

Biogenesis Theory D e v e l o p e d b y F. Redi and supported by Spllanzani and Louis Pasteur

Birds are glorified reptiles Huxley

Chromosomal Theory of Sutton and BoveriInheritance

Chromosomal Theory of Linkage T.H. Morgan

Coupling and Repulsion theory Bateson and Punnet

Chemosynthetic theory of Oparin and Haldaneorigin of life

Conditioned reflex I. V. Pavlov

Cosmozoic theory Richter

Cosmic panspermia theory Arrhenius

Central dogma Crick

Fluid theory Empedocles (504-433 B. C.)

Five kingdom classification Whittaker

Germplasm theory Weismann

Gene theory T. H. Morgan

Germ Layer theory Von Baer

Gause Hypothesis (Competitive Gause 1937 exclusion principle Hardin)

Germ theory of disease L. Pasteur

Hardy-Weinberg law Hardy-Weinberg

Law of Minimum Liebig

Law of Maximum Shelford

Moist vapour theory Pythogoras (580 - 800 B.C.)

Mutation theory Hugo de Vries

Mechanism of development Roux

Mechanistic theory Haeckel

Materialistic theory Oparin

Neo Lamarckism Spensor and Meduguaz

Neo-Darwinism Organizers concept Speeman

One gene-one enzyme Beadle and Tatum

One gene-one polypeptide Yanofsky

Operon concept Jacob and Monod

Protoplasmic theory Hertwig

Protoplasm is physical basis of life Huxley

Preformation theory Malpighi

Pangenesis theory Maupertius

Recapitulation theory (Baer Law) K. Von Baer (1828)

Reflex theory in Nervous system Muller and Mershely

Reproductive Blood theory Aristotle (384 - 322 B.C.)

Spontaneous generation theory Thales Empedocle

Sol-gel theory of Amoeba Hyman, Pantin and locomotion Mast

Sliding filament theory Huxley

Theory of eternity of life Helmholtz and Arrhe-nius

Theory of epigenesis C.F.Walff

Theory of acquired characters Lamarck

Theory of natural selection Charles Darwin

Special creation theory Father Saurez

Tunica corpus theory Schmidt

Vital theory J. C. Bose

Nobel Prize Winner — Physiology or Medicine

1901 Emil von Behring1902 Sr Ronald Ross1903 Niels Finsen1904 Ivan Pavlov1905 Robert Koch1906 Camilio Golgi and Santiago Ramony Cajal1907 Charles Laveran1908 Paul Ehrilch and Elie Metchnikoff1909 Emil Theodor Kocher 1910 Albrecht Kossel 1911 Allvar Gullstrand 1912 Alexis Carrel 1913 Charles Richet 1914 Robert Barany 1915-18 No award 1919 Jules Bordet 1920 August Krogh 1921 No award 1922 Archibald Hill and Otto Meyerhof1923 Sir Frederick Banting and John Macleod1924 Willem Einthoven 1925 No award 1926 Johannes Fibiger 1927 Julius Wagner-Jauregg 1928 Charles Nicolle 1929 Christmas Eijkman and Sir Frederick Hopkins1930 Karl Landsteiner1931 Otto Warburg 1932 Edgar Adrian and Sir Charles Sherrington1933 Thomas H. Morgan 1934 George Minot, William P. Murphy and

George Whipple1935 Hans Spemann 1936 Sir Henry Dale and Otto Loewi1937 Albert Szent Gyoigyi 1938 Corneille Heymans 1939 Gerhard Domagk-declined 1943 Henrik Dam and Edward Doisy1944 Joseph Erlanger and Herbert Gasser1945 Sir Alexander Fleming, Howard Florey and

Emst Chain1946 Herman Muller 1947 Carl and Gerty Cori and Bernardo Houssay1948 Paul Muller 1949 Walter Hess and Antonio Moniz1950 Philip Hench, Edward Kendal and

Tadeus Reichstein1951 Max Theiler1952 Selman Waksman 1953 Fritz Lipman and Hans Krebs

1954 John Enders, Thomas Weller and Fredrick Robbins

1955 Hugo Theorell 1956 Andre Cournand, Dickinson Richards Jr. and

Werner Forssmann1957 Daniel Bovet1958 George Beadle, Edward Tatum and

Joshun Lederberg1959 Severo Ochoa and Arthur Kornberg1960 Sir Macfarlene Burnet and Peter Medawar1961 Georg von Bekesy1962 Francis Crick, Maruice Wilkins and James Watson1963 Alan Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley and

Sir John Ecdes1964 Konrad Bloch Feodor Lynen1965 Francois Jacob, Andre Lwoff and Jacques Monod1966 Charles Huggins and Francis Rous1967 Ragner Granit, Haldan Hartline and George Wald1968 Robert Holley, Har Gobind Khorana and

Marshal Nirenberg1969 Max Delbruck, Alfred Hershey and

Salvador Luria1970 Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler and Julius Axelrod1971 Earl Sutherland Jr.1972 Rodney Porter and Gerald Edelman1973 Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz and

Nikolaas Tinbergen1974 Albert Claude, Christian de Duve and

George Palade1975 David Baltimore, Howard Temin and

Renato Dulbecco1976 B.S. Blumberg and D.G. Gajdusek1977 Rosalyn Yalow, R. Gullemin and A. Schally1978 W. Araber, D. Nathons and H. Smith1979 Godfrey Newbold Housfield and

Allan Mc Leod Cormack1980 George Snell, Jean Dausset and Baruj Benacerraf1981 David Hubel, Roger Sperry and Torsten Wiesel1982 Sune Sune Bergstroen, Bengt Smuelson and

John Vane1983 Barbara Mc Clintock1984 Cesal Milstein, Georges Kohler and Neils Jeme1985 Michael Brown and Joseph Goldstein1986 Stanley Cohen and Rita Levi Montalcini1987 Susumu Tonegawa1988 Gertude Elion, George Hitchings and

Sir James Black1989 J. Michael Bishop and Harold E. Varmus1990 Donnal E. Thomas and Joseph Murray1991 Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann

Moderns ABC Plus Of Biology Class 12Part-I

Publisher : MBD GroupPublishers

ISBN : 9789351841203Author : Dr. B. B. Arora, A.K. Sabharwal

Type the URL : http://www.kopykitab.com/product/11997

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BIOLOGY...BIOLOGY Class XII MODERN PUBLISHERS (Producers of Quality Textbooks) PART-I By M.Sc.,...

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