Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are ...jhicke/courses/... · Biogeography 1 Prof....
Transcript of Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are ...jhicke/courses/... · Biogeography 1 Prof....
![Page 1: Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are ...jhicke/courses/... · Biogeography 1 Prof. J. Hicke Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are confusing with respect](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050408/5f850639b1e39642d1545258/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biogeography Prof. J. Hicke 1
Biology and the hierarchies of life Biology and the hierarchies of life
Common names are confusing with respect to taxonomy
![Page 2: Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are ...jhicke/courses/... · Biogeography 1 Prof. J. Hicke Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are confusing with respect](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050408/5f850639b1e39642d1545258/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Biogeography Prof. J. Hicke 2
Biology and the hierarchies of life
http://mikami.image.pbase.com/u46/adventuresofstar/small/29443355.HealesvilleBlackBuzzard.jpg www.nps.gov/bicy/bvulture.htm
www.barrywales.co.uk/hawkingcentre/buzzard.htm www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/projects/buzzard
What is a “buzzard?”
![Page 3: Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are ...jhicke/courses/... · Biogeography 1 Prof. J. Hicke Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are confusing with respect](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050408/5f850639b1e39642d1545258/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Biogeography Prof. J. Hicke 3
Biology and the hierarchies of life
Genus: related organisms Species: consistently distinguishable from
other organisms
Biology and the hierarchies of life
Two species of genus Pinus
![Page 4: Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are ...jhicke/courses/... · Biogeography 1 Prof. J. Hicke Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are confusing with respect](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050408/5f850639b1e39642d1545258/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Biogeography Prof. J. Hicke 4
Biology and the hierarchies of life Biology and the hierarchies of life
![Page 5: Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are ...jhicke/courses/... · Biogeography 1 Prof. J. Hicke Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are confusing with respect](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050408/5f850639b1e39642d1545258/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Biogeography Prof. J. Hicke 5
Biology and the hierarchies of life Populations of mountain pine beetle exhibit
variability in important life history traits
Development time southern population
northern populations
Bentz et al., 2001
![Page 6: Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are ...jhicke/courses/... · Biogeography 1 Prof. J. Hicke Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are confusing with respect](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050408/5f850639b1e39642d1545258/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Biogeography Prof. J. Hicke 6
Biology and the hierarchies of life
Communities
www.environment.act.gov.au/nativeplantsandanimals
Eucalypt woodland in Australia
www.alpine-club.mb.ca
Alpine meadows in Canada
![Page 7: Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are ...jhicke/courses/... · Biogeography 1 Prof. J. Hicke Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are confusing with respect](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050408/5f850639b1e39642d1545258/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Biogeography Prof. J. Hicke 7
Biology and the hierarchies of life
Hicke, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 2005
www.scienceclarified.com/Di-El/Ecosystem.html
Ecosystems
![Page 8: Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are ...jhicke/courses/... · Biogeography 1 Prof. J. Hicke Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are confusing with respect](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050408/5f850639b1e39642d1545258/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Biogeography Prof. J. Hicke 8
Biology and the hierarchies of life
Biomes
![Page 9: Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are ...jhicke/courses/... · Biogeography 1 Prof. J. Hicke Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are confusing with respect](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050408/5f850639b1e39642d1545258/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Biogeography Prof. J. Hicke 9
Biology and the hierarchies of life
Still et al., 2003
![Page 10: Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are ...jhicke/courses/... · Biogeography 1 Prof. J. Hicke Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are confusing with respect](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050408/5f850639b1e39642d1545258/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Biogeography Prof. J. Hicke 10
Biology and the hierarchies of life
Chemosynthesis
Energy source: chemical reactions Locations: Hydrothermal vents, whale falls 2500 m below ocean surface Large biomass, numbers of species Mineral-laden sites Base of food web: Bacteria oxidize sulfur from H2S through chemical reactions instead of using sunlight and photosynthesis
ocean-ridge.ldeo.columbia.edu/courses/subgeol/hot_springs
© Craig Smith and Mike Degruy
![Page 11: Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are ...jhicke/courses/... · Biogeography 1 Prof. J. Hicke Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are confusing with respect](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050408/5f850639b1e39642d1545258/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Biogeography Prof. J. Hicke 11
Biology and the hierarchies of life
Residence times of energy in food webs
In living plants grasslands: 3 years forests: 22-25 years
In plant litter tropics: 3 months extratropical forests: 100 years
Typically, some of energy from photosynthesis moves to highest trophic levels in a few weeks
![Page 12: Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are ...jhicke/courses/... · Biogeography 1 Prof. J. Hicke Biology and the hierarchies of life Common names are confusing with respect](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050408/5f850639b1e39642d1545258/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Biogeography Prof. J. Hicke 12
Biology and the hierarchies of life
Efficiencies
Bird/mammals 3% of received energy is assimilated Insects 39% Fish 10%
Why are birds and mammals relatively inefficient?