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BIOLOGY – 328 LAB Plants and People. Objective To understand what a fruit is To study different...
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Transcript of BIOLOGY – 328 LAB Plants and People. Objective To understand what a fruit is To study different...
BIOLOGY – 328 LAB BIOLOGY – 328 LAB Plants and Plants and People People
Objective
To understand what a fruit is
To study different parts of fruit
To learn different types of fruits
Background
Different parts of a fruit
Exocarp – Outermost layer Endocarp – Innermost layer Mesocarp – Middle layer
Pericarp - All three layers not recognizable
Rind - Thick leathery covering exocarp (eg, water melons) or fusion of exocarp and mesocarp (eg. Orange)
Accessory fruit – Fruits not derived from ovary
e.g. apple
Classification of fruits
Simple fruit – Fruit from a single flower and single ovary
Aggregate fruit – Fruit from a single flower but several ovaries eg. Blackberry, strawberry
Multiple fruit – Fruit from multiple flowers in the same peduncle eg. Pineapple, Mulberry
Simple fruits
Dry dehiscent fruit – Pericarp dries and splits open when ripe. Follicle – 1 locule that splits along one suture
e.g. Sweet gum Legume/pod – 1 locule and splits along 2
sutures
e.g. Beans Capsule – 3 or more locules and splits in 3 or
more sutures
e.g. Okra
Simple fruits
Dry indehiscent fruit – Pericarp dries but does not split when ripe Samara – 1 or 2 seeded with pericarp flattened
into wings e.g. maple Grain/Caryopsis – 1 seeded fruit with seed
fused to pericarp e.g. corn Achene – 1 seeded fruit with seed free from
pericarp
e.g. sunflower Nut – 1 seeded fruit enclosed in husk
e.g. Pecan
Simple fruits
Fleshy fruit- Pericarp doesn't dry when ripe Berry – entire pericarp is fleshy e.g. Grape
Pepo – Exocarp is a hard rind e.g. Melons
Hesperidium – Exocarp and mesocarp is a hard rind, endocarp has juice vesicles e.g. Orange
Drupe or stone – a single seeded fruit fuzzy or smooth skin, fleshy mesocarp and a hard stony endocarp
e.g. Peach
Pome – Fleshy receptacle, hypanthium with papery pericarp e.g. Apple
Today’s Lab
Carefully examine the fruits, paying special attention to their morphology, structure, family and scientific name, and geographic origin. During the exercise, answer the following questions for each fruit observed.
1. What is the fruit type?
2. How many carpels are present?
3. How might they might be dispersed in nature.
Summary
Today’s Lab Types of fruits and
characteristics
Next week’s lab – Major Families I
Quiz on Fruits