Biology 218 – Human Anatomy - RIDDELL - Napa Valley … 110/L 1... · Web viewBIOSCIENCE 015 –...

BIOSCIENCE 015 – Intro to Biology Session:Section:

Days / Time:

Instructor:

Spring 201410438 4 UnitsT/Th 12:30 AM – 1:45 PM LEC T 9:00 AM – 11:50 AM LABRIDDELL

Student ID#:

Student Name: Biolo Gee Team Name:

Lab Assignment #: 1

Lab Title: Hand Washing Efficacy Date: 150625

Purpose / Objective(s):1. Measure and determine hand washing efficacy of various regimens against forms of

common bacteria.

Hypothesese:2. The Aloe Purell will be most effective against different types of bacteria3. Purell contains the active antibacterial ingredient and paper towels have a course

texture and previous use has demonstrated that can remove large amounts of dirt from fingers.

4. The Hydrogen Peroxide and Hand Soap will also be efficacious, but the Hand Soap will be the least efficacious out of the three regimens because of the generic brand.

Specimens;# Specimen Details / Source1 Culture from Left Pointer Finger – $1 Bill (A) See methods for culture

conditions2 Culture from Left Middle Finger – Laptop Mouse Pad (B) See methods for culture

conditions3 Culture from Left Ring Finger – Cell Phone Screen (C) See methods for culture

conditions4 Culture from Right Pointer Finger – Lab Desk (1) See methods for culture

conditions5 Culture from Right Middle Finger – Bottom of Backpack

(2)See methods for culture conditions

6 Culture from Right Ring Finger – Lab Chair (3) See methods for culture conditions

7 Controlled (Quadrants D and 4) See methods for culture conditions

Methods / Tools / Instrumentation / Procedures;Sample Cultures1. Determined six sites / conditions for sampling

Left pointer finger / $1 bill Left middle finger / laptop mouse pad Left ring finger / cell phone screen Right pointer finger / lab desk Right middle finger / bottom of backpack Right ring finger / lab chairs

2. Prepared samples3. Placed samples on the periphery of standard agar culture plates – see Illustration # 1

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Hand Washing Efficacy1. Determined / chose / selected hand washing regimen(s)

Aloe Purell with a paper towel wiping on all left fingers and the right index finger

Soft Soap Scrub with a paper towel drying on right middle finger Hydrogen Peroxide with a paper towel drying on ring finger

2. Washed each finger with the given regimen3. Placed the washed samples on the corresponding quadrant of the agar plate near the

center4. Allowed the cultures to incubate at body temperature for 7 days5. Observations were made of each culture

Used a dissection microscope to identify the individual colonies on the agar plate

Instrumentation and materials 1. AO Dissection Microscope2. Zeiss Light Microscope3. Ruler, Metric4. Standard gram staining technique for the individual sample

Crystal violet Gram’s iodine Safranin

Experimental DesignSee Illustration 1 as well as Tables 1 and 2 for detailed experimental design in attachments

ResultsCultures / Gross View1. Table # 1 shows the cultures from the first hand washing plate.

Cultures B and C contained similar types of bacteria Cultures from sample A seem to be similar to samples B and C in color and

form, but not in margin or elevation Washing regimen was effective for samples A, B, and C No growth occurred in sample D, validates no contamination

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HW Experimental Design for 3 Figertip Sources of Bacteria and Results of HW Efficacy Plate 1

Sample # Finger Source Expected Results No Handwashing

Actual Results

HW Regimen

Expected Results after HW

(Post-regimen)

Actual Results Notes

(Pre-regimen) Pre-Regimen Colony Description

A Left Index Finger $1 bill Growth GrowthAloe Purell and Paper Towel

Drying Most GrowthA Few Colonies

GrowthThree Colonies, 1 type

Left Middle Finger

Laptop Mouse Pad Growth GrowthAloe Purell and Paper Towel

Drying Least GrowthMany Colonies

Growth

Many Colonies, many types,varying in size,

many small

B

Left Ring FingerCell Phone Touch

ScreenGrowth Growth

Aloe Purell and Paper Towel Drying

Some GrowthMany Colonies

GrowthMany colonies, 3-4 types,

quite large

C

N/A Control No Growth No Growth N/A No growth No Growth N/A

D

Cultures / Gross View2. Table # 2 shows the cultures from the second hand washing plate.

Cultures 1, 2, and 3 all contain similar types of bacteria Cultures from unwashed sample 3 have the least whereas 1 and 2 had about

the same amount Washing regimen was effective for samples 1 and 2 but not 3 No growth occurred in sample D, validates no contamination

HW Experimental Design for 3 Figertip Sources of Bacteria and Results of HW Efficacy Plate 2

Sample # Finger Source Expected Results No Handwashing

Actual Results

HW Regimen

Expected Results after HW

(Post-regimen)

Actual Results Notes

(Pre-regimen) Pre-Regimen Colony Description

1 Right Index Finger

Desktop Growth GrowthAloe Purell and Paper Towel

DryingSome Growth

Many Colonies Growth

Many colonies, 3 types, varying in size, many

small

Right Middle Finger

Bottom of the Backpack

Growth GrowthHand Soap and Paper Towel

DryingMost Growth

Many Colonies Growth

Few Colonies, 3 types, one large, rest in similar

size

2Right Ring

FingerLab Chair Growth Growth

Hydrogen Peroxide and Paper Towel Drying

Least GrowthFew Colonies

GrowthFew colonies, 2 types,

quite large3

N/A Control No Growth No Growth N/A No growth No Growth N/A

4

ACTUAL PLAN

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Cultures/Microscopic View3. See photograph 3 and 4 in attachments for view on bacteria culture from quadrant three.

Analysis / Discussion:1. The chosen regimen of Purrell and Paper Toweling was efficacious for 4 out of 4 samples

used.2. The hand soap had also proven to be efficacious.3. Hydrogen peroxide proved to be non-efficacious.4. Although I did two trials, hypothesis is still incomplete because each trial focused on two

different things. In the first trial, it focused Purell strength against different bacteria whereas trial 2 focused on using different regimens. Because of this, this experiment demands additional comparisons to limit variables as well as being repeated more times to be valid.

Conclusions / Further Considerations:1. Bacteria is everywhere and we must wash our hands frequently to rid of them.2. Purell has proven to be the most efficacious which is probably because it can kill up to

99% of bacteria.3. Hydrogen peroxide wasn’t efficacious because of the lack of drying or possibly just from

the resistant of the bacteria.4. The next experiment may focus on seeming resistant bacteria.

Possibly use only once source of bacteria and different regimens on it to see which regimen is more efficacious than the other.

Test bacteria from post-washing regimens and use other regimens to see which bacteria are more resistant.

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ATTACHMENTS

Experimental DesignIllustration 1 Placement of Samples on Agar Plates

Table 3 Regimen and Post-Regimen Detailed Results for Plate 1Detailed Results, Colony Description - Post-HW Regimen for Plate 1

Sample # Colony Count Colors AVG Elevation Margin Notes

Diameter mm FormA 3 Yellow 3.667 Circular Convex Irregular/Filamentous

B 2 White 0.5 Pinpoint Flat Smooth

3 Yellow 4 Circular Flat Smooth

3 Pink 1 Pinpoint Flat Smooth

2 Dark Gray 0.5 Circular Flat Smooth

C 8 Yellow 3.125 Circular Flat/Raised Smooth/Irregular

5 Gray 1.4 Circular Flat/Raised Smooth/Irregular

D N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A no contamination

Table 4 Regiment and Post-Regimen Detailed Results for Plate 2

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Results and Illustrations and PhotosIllustrations 1 and 2; Photo 1 and 2 Gross View of Culture compared to Experimental Design

ACTUAL PLAN

Photo 3 and 4 Microscopic View of Culture on Quadrant 3, post-regimen

ACTUAL MICROSCROPIC VIEW OF BACTERIA CULTRUE FROM

QUADRANT #3

SAMPLE OF GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA(via http://brighthub.com)

Figures

Bacteria culture in quadrants A-C and 1-3 minus post-regimen

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http://brighthub.com/


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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 2 3 4 5 6

Aver

age

Diam

eter

(mm

)

Quadrants1-3 = A,B,C ; 4-6 = 1,2,3

respectively

Bacteria Culture in All Quadrants(minus post-regimens)

Yellow

White

Pink

Dark Gray

Gray

Light Gray

Calculations

Note: Averages are bolded and italicized below data in diameter.

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A B C 1 2 3Yellow White Yellow Light Gray Yellow Gray

4 0.5 5 8 4 24 0.5 4 1 3 23 0.5 3 4.5 5

3.666666667 2 4 WhiteYellow 3 Dark Gray 2

5 2 1 White 25 1 1 42 5 1 3 White Post-Regimen4 3.125 3.5 1

White 1Pink Gray 0.5 Gray

1 1 0.5 11 1 0.5 0.51 1 0.5 0.21 2 0.5 0.566666667

2 0.2Dark Gray 1.4 0.5

0.5 0.20.5 0.50.5 0.433333333

Yellow756

References / Literature Cited:

Link to gram negative photograph (photo 4): https://www.google.com/search?espv=210&es_sm=122&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=gram+positive+red+bacteria&oq=gram+positive+red+bacteria&gs_l=img.3...1671370.1673884.0.1674165.10.8.0.0.0.0.0.0..0.0....0...1c.1.32.img..10.0.0.A2-SnmIREEQ&biw=1366&bih=667&dpr=1&cad=cbv&sei=IuvnUt7eKcX7oASY4IHwBQ#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=eOCHlgZwbMiUzM%253A%3Biwp2aD7AY8-hbM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fimg.bhs4.com%252F68%252F9%252F6899e11fb472aafb8d069bba286b2f4b037f08a3_large.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.brighthub.com%252Fscience%252Fmedical%252Farticles%252F114554.aspx%3B600%3B600

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https://www.google.com/search?espv=210&es_sm=122&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=gram+positive+red+bacteria&oq=gram+positive+red+bacteria&gs_l=img.3...1671370.1673884.0.1674165.10.8.0.0.0.0.0.0..0.0....0...1c.1.32.img..10.0.0.A2-SnmIREEQ&biw=1366&bih=667&dpr=1&cad=cbv&sei=IuvnUt7eKcX7oASY4IHwBQ#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=eOCHlgZwbMiUzM%253A%3Biwp2aD7AY8-hbM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fimg.bhs4.com%252F68%252F9%252F6899e11fb472aafb8d069bba286b2f4b037f08a3_large.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.brighthub.com%252Fscience%252Fmedical%252Farticles%252F114554.aspx%253



Biology 218 – Human Anatomy - RIDDELL - Napa Valley … 110/L 1... · Web viewBIOSCIENCE 015 –...

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