BIOLOGY 111 sec. 11: Intro. To Cell and Molecular Biology ...
Biology 11
description
Transcript of Biology 11
![Page 1: Biology 11](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56815f5e550346895dce4254/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
BIOLOGY 11Kingdom PlantaeThe Pteridophytes
![Page 2: Biology 11](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56815f5e550346895dce4254/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ObjectivesBy the end of the lesson you should be able to:• Compare and contrast bryophytes and pteridophytes• Describe the life cycle of a pteridophyte• Give some examples of pteridophytes
![Page 3: Biology 11](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56815f5e550346895dce4254/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction• As the earth’s climate became dryer, nature selected for
appropriate adaptations• This led to the evolution of the Vascular plants (containing
conducting tissues) • In order to develop effective conducting and support
tissues, plants selected for having a dominant sporophyte instead of the gametophyte…why?
• The first vascular plants were better suited to land than the bryophytes but were still not fully adapted
![Page 4: Biology 11](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56815f5e550346895dce4254/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What is Vascular Tissue??
They are the “transport tubes” of plants:
A) Xylem: to conduct water from roots to shoots
B) Phloem: to conduct the products of photosynthesis from shoots to roots
![Page 5: Biology 11](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56815f5e550346895dce4254/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Benefits of Vascular Tissue
• Structural support to plant tissue
• Movement of water and nutrients
• Plants can be larger
This is the giant Sequoia tree
![Page 6: Biology 11](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56815f5e550346895dce4254/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
First vascular plants• Pteridophytes: the ferns
• vascular• water transport system• xylem, phloem, roots, leaves
• swimming sperm• flagellated sperm
• life cycle dominated by sporophyte stage
• leafy fern plant you are familiar with is diploid
• fragile gametophyte• spores for reproduction
• haploid cells which sprout to form gametophyte
diploid
haploidWhere mustferns live?
![Page 7: Biology 11](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56815f5e550346895dce4254/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Pteridophytes Basics• They utilize the Alternation of Generations life cycle• The do not produce seeds (thus they are called the
“seedless vascular plants”)• The sperm must swim from the antheridium to the
archegonium• They also lack vascular tissue in their hyphae (root-like)
![Page 8: Biology 11](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56815f5e550346895dce4254/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Alternation of generations
diploid
haploid
produces male & female gametes
![Page 9: Biology 11](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56815f5e550346895dce4254/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Sporophyte Generation
• The ferns have vascular tissue in their stems but not in their hyphae or fronds
• They still require water for fertilization
• The sporophyte generation is now dominant
![Page 10: Biology 11](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56815f5e550346895dce4254/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Fern Fronds (not called leaves!)
• Fern sporophyte showing sori on underside
![Page 11: Biology 11](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56815f5e550346895dce4254/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Biology 11](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56815f5e550346895dce4254/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Gametophyte Generation• Fern gametophyte (1n) is called a PROTHALLUS
• Its very small and produces the gametes• Homospory: male & female on same plant
Antheridium Archegonium
![Page 13: Biology 11](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56815f5e550346895dce4254/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Examples:
Horsetail• The most common seedless vascular plant, besides the ferns, are the horsetails
• Their biology and life cycles are similar to ferns and they live in the same types of environments
• They are an obscure small group today but are an example of a “Living Fossil’
![Page 14: Biology 11](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56815f5e550346895dce4254/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Examples: Selaginella Psilotum
Horsetails Ferns
![Page 15: Biology 11](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56815f5e550346895dce4254/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Fossil Fuel…..
• Despite their shortcomings, the ferns quickly spread all over the world forming vast forests of tree ferns much like those seen in New Zealand today
• These fed the mighty dinosaurs who were also dominant on land at this time
![Page 16: Biology 11](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56815f5e550346895dce4254/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Early Pteridophytes: The Tree Ferns
Carboniferous forest – 290-350 myaForests of seedless plants decayed into deposits of coal & oil
Fossil fuels…I get it!
![Page 17: Biology 11](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062323/56815f5e550346895dce4254/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Tree ferns
With frondslike these who needs enemies!