Dr. I.D. MallDepartment of Chemical Engg.

Indian Institute of Technology, RoorkeeRoorkee- 247667

BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSISANALYSIS

VEGETATION AND WILD LIFE IMPACT VEGETATION AND WILD LIFE IMPACT ANALYSISANALYSIS

Environment: complex interaction of many factors and change in one aspect of environment will affect changes of entire system. Vegetation and wild life are important features of the environment

• Flora: Trees, shrubs, grass, crops, micro floras, aquatic plant, enlarged species, barriers.

• Fauna: Birds, land animals, fish, shell fish, benthic organism, insects, micro fauna, enlarged species.

Physical non living (abiotic)

Biotic (biological)

Energy, water, air, topography, soil , minerals, geological, shtantum

Living (plants & animal), Flora, Fauna

• IMPACT

• Direct Impact: Those that destroy, displace adversely affects plants and animals.

• Indirect Impact: Those that destroy or disrupt habitat, ecosystem or other physical and biological facts upon which a species depends.

Living Things Everywhere Interact With Their Non-Living Surroundings

Favourable Environment Human survival• Non living factors: air temperature, water and

soils rich in nutrients• Living factors: food supply from plants and

animals• Total environmental setting: suitable to human

psyche.

Biological Concepts and TermsBiological Concepts and Terms

• Environment: sum of all factors that influence organisms and includes more than that

• Physical Factors: The frame work of nature is set by the non living physical environment-sun, shade, heat, cold rain, drought, soils, altitude, topography

• Biological factors: living things everywhere interact with their nonliving surroundings, and the nature of the inanimate world largely determines which organisms live where;

• Any alteration in physical factors will bring about a concomitant effect on living creatures

Biological Concepts and TermsBiological Concepts and Terms

• The degree of intimacy between organisms and their environmental factors ( both living and non living) varies with species involved and from place to place.

• Eco System: composed of plant and animal population

• Succession: natural communities are not static but pass through a series of recognisable changes called ecological succession

ASSESSING IMPACT OF BIOLOGICAL ASSESSING IMPACT OF BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

Professional knowledge at plant and animal life and their habitat requirement, professional judgment of biotic community’s ability to withstand or respond to disturbances.⇒Negative:

• Possible negative impacts that might adversely affect the biota of the area

• Which biotic habitat will be impacted• Within each affected habitat, which species has

biological significance• Are individual specimens involved and if so how will

they be impacted• Will there be short term biotic impact• Will there be long term biotic impact

⇒Positive:• What are all possible impacts that might

occur or a result of the project program (retention of natural area)

• Reduction, elimination of noxious, plants and animal and reduced fire hazard

• Can wild life management program result from project or program

• Can natural preserves be established (wild life preservers, parks, sanctuaries)

• Will beneficial species be entering

ASSESSING IMPACT OF BIOLOGICAL ASSESSING IMPACT OF BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

Assessing Biotic EnvironmentAssessing Biotic Environment

– Regional setting for the site or action– Existing vegetation: weeds, grass lands,

shrub land, forest, other vegetation, ornamental (native,-----)

– Unique vegetation features:• Rare or enlarged species• Species of high visual, historic and aesthetic

appeal• Plants associated with particular habitat

features• Threats posed by individual species or

vegetation

Assessing Biotic EnvironmentAssessing Biotic Environment

– Retainism or preservation of any plant or community

– Wild life: Birds, mammals, reptile amphibians, fish, insects and other arthropods, pests other animal

– Unique wild life features– Disturbance level– Are the plant susceptible to project air

pollution– Is there an aquatic habitat present

CONCEPTUAL APPROACH FOR ADDRESSING CONCEPTUAL APPROACH FOR ADDRESSING BIOLOGICAL IMPACTSBIOLOGICAL IMPACTS

I. Identification of biological impact of proposed project (habitat, changes or loss, chemical cycles and toxic events)

• To qualitatively identify the potential impacts of the proposed project on biological resources including habitats and species.

• Casual activities contribute to the degradation and loss of ecological values, including animal and plant species

• Ecosystem structure( abundance-biomass, community composition, species richness, species diversity, tropic organization, and spatial structure) ecosystem function( energy flow, nutrient cycling, and water retention)

II. Preparation of description of existing biological environment conditions considerations enlarged or threatened species and critical habitat, flora & fauna species

• FLORAL PATTERN: General vegetation patterns of entire area, plant species for bluestem prairie, tree species in upland forests, tree species in lowland forests, shrubs and vines , rare plat species in entire area

• FAUNAL COMPONENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM: Amphibians (frogs, toads, salamanders) reptiles( turtles, lzards,, snakes), fishes, sport fisheries, birds, manimals, rare faunal species

CONCEPTUAL APPROACH FOR ADDRESSING CONCEPTUAL APPROACH FOR ADDRESSING BIOLOGICAL IMPACTSBIOLOGICAL IMPACTS

III. Procurement of relevant laws, regeneration or criteria related to impacts or condition

IV. Impact predictionV. Assessment of impactVI. Identification and incorporation of migration

measures• Biodiversity is basic property of nature that

provide enormous ecological economics and aesthetic benefits.

• Regional ecosystem diversity• Local ecosystem diversity• Species diversity• Genetic diversity

CONCEPTUAL APPROACH FOR ADDRESSING CONCEPTUAL APPROACH FOR ADDRESSING BIOLOGICAL IMPACTSBIOLOGICAL IMPACTS

Impact Network for Biological ImpactImpact Network for Biological Impact

P r e o p e r a t i o n a l P h a s e O p e r a t i o n a l P h a s e

I m p a c t o nS o i l S t a b i l i t y a n d

M i c r o f l o r a

I m p a c t o n E c o n o m i c O u t p u t I m p a c t o n S o c i o - C u l t u r a l E n v i r o n m e n t

P R O J E C T

D i s t u r b a n c e o f p l a n t s , a n i m a l s a n d t h e i rh a b i t a t ( i n c l u d i n g f o o d s u p p l i e s f e e d i n g ,r e s t i n g a n d b r e e d i n g a r e a s )

P h y s i c a l D i s t u r b a n c e

R e m o v a l o f p l a n t s , a n i m a l s a n dt h e i r h a b i t a t

C h a n g e i n p r o d u c t i v i t y /c o m p o s i t i o n o f p l a n t a n d a n i m a l

c o m m u n i t i e s a n d h a b i t a t s

I m p a c t o n l a n d s c a p e( v i s u a l a s p e c t s ,

l a n d s c a p e , e c o l o g y )

I m p a c t o na m e n i t y

C h a n g e i n e c o n o m i c u s e o f f l o r a a n d f a u n a( a g r i c u l t u r e , f o r e s t r y , h o r t i c u l t u r e , f i s h e r i e s , e t c . )

A C T I V I T Y

P R I M A R YI M P A C T S

S E C O N D A R YI M P A C T S

T E R T I A R YI M P A C T S

GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR GREEN GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENTBELT DEVELOPMENT

• Selection of plant species– Plant species should be fast growing,

perennial and evergreen with thick cover, large leaf index and resistant to specified pollutants

– Plant species should preferably be indigenous to that ecological balance in the region could be preserved

• Placement of plant species– Trees growing up to 10m or more should be placed

in encircling rows around the installation along roadsides

– Shrubs should be grown amongst the trees to give coverage to the tree trunks normally devoid of foliage

– Differential zones for shrubs and trees could also be defined based on wind speed and stability conditions

– Sensitive species should be placed in patches along the entire green belt

• Maintenance of green belt– Wastewaters from the industry should preferably be

recycled for maintaining the green belt

GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR GREEN GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENTBELT DEVELOPMENT

Width of Greenbelt for Various IndustriesWidth of Greenbelt for Various Industries

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