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![Page 1: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma
Dr. David Bennett
Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research
La Trobe University
![Page 2: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Order : HymenopteraFamily : Trichogrammatidae
Genus : Trichogramma
Microscopic wasps 145 species worldwide Natural enemies of moths Egg parasitoids
What is Trichogramma? A WASP
![Page 3: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Trichogramma funiculatum
![Page 4: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Order : HymenopteraFamily : Trichogrammatidae
Genus : Trichogramma
Microscopic wasps 145 species worldwide Natural enemies of moths Egg parasitoids
What is Trichogramma? A WASP
![Page 5: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
T. funiculatum and T. carverae
![Page 6: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Order : HymenopteraFamily : Trichogrammatidae
Genus : Trichogramma
Microscopic wasps 145 species worldwide Natural enemies of moths Egg parasitoids
What is Trichogramma? A WASP
![Page 7: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Trichogramma Life Cycle
![Page 8: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What are egg parasitoids?
Different to regular parasites Trichogramma wasps lay their eggs into the
eggs of moths Instead of a caterpillar emerging, a fully
grown wasp climbs out Egg parasitoids are parasites that have a
free-living adult stage Similar to the bad guys in the movie Aliens!
![Page 9: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
T. brassicae on a Helicoverpa moth egg
![Page 10: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Trichogramma in Biological Control
Currently the most widely used insect biological control agents in the world
Natural enemies of over 200 pest moth species whose caterpillars attack agricultural crops
Released on more than 8 million hectares
![Page 11: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Pests in Australia
Examples of economically important pests include:– Helicoverpa (budworm) in processing
tomatoes– Epiphyas postvittana (Lightbrown Apple
Moth) in Chardonnay grapevines The latter damage grapes directly and spread
Botrytis (bunch rot) Control is difficult with chemical sprays
because this species is a leaf roller
![Page 12: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Chardonnay grapevinesChardonnay grapevines
![Page 13: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Lightbrown Apple Moth in grapesLightbrown Apple Moth in grapes
![Page 14: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Pests in Australia
Examples of economically important pests include:– Helicoverpa (budworm) in processing
tomatoes– Epiphyas postvittana (Lightbrown Apple
Moth) in Chardonnay grapevines The latter damage grapes directly and spread
Botrytis (bunch rot) Control is difficult with chemical sprays
because this species is a leaf roller
![Page 15: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Lightbrown Apple Moth
Epiphyas postvittanaEpiphyas postvittana
![Page 16: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
TrichogrammaTrichogramma in Australia in Australia
Several endemic species attack pest moth species
Natural Trichogramma parasitism rates are inadequate for control and too late in the season
Trichogramma carverae is a species which can be bred in captivity on a grain moth host
Breeding these wasps in huge numbers allows us to release them in grapevines where the pest has been found.
![Page 17: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
LBAM eggs
Trichogramma
Lightbrown Apple Moth cycle vs Lightbrown Apple Moth cycle vs TrichogrammaTrichogramma cycle cycle
![Page 18: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
TrichogrammaTrichogramma in Australia in Australia
Several endemic species attack pest moth species
Natural Trichogramma parasitism rates are inadequate for control and too late in the season
Trichogramma carverae is a species which can be bred in captivity on a grain moth host
Breeding these wasps in huge numbers allows us to release them in grapevines where the pest has been found
![Page 19: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Wasp colony
Trichogramma carverae reared on eggs of the grain moth Sitotroga cerealella
Population founded from 18 wasps collected in Mildura
Colony maintained in a controlled environment room at 25C, in constant light, at 60% humidity and provided with honey and fresh eggs every eleven days
![Page 20: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
TrichogrammaTrichogramma in Australia in Australia
Several endemic species attack pest moth species
Natural Trichogramma parasitism rates are inadequate for control and too late in the season
Trichogramma carverae is a species which can be bred in captivity on a grain moth host
Breeding these wasps in huge numbers allows us to release them in grapevines where the pest has been found
![Page 21: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
LBAM eggs
Trichogramma
• release timing is important
Lightbrown apple moth cycle vs Lightbrown apple moth cycle vs TrichogrammaTrichogramma cycle cycle
![Page 22: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ConclusionsConclusions
Releases early in the season increase parasitism and improve the level of biological control
Can this bio-control agent replace chemical controls in Victorian grapevines?
Can we produce Trichogramma strains that are more effective against these pests?
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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Horticultural Research Development Corporation
Grape and Wine Research Development Corporation
Australian Research Council
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Project aims
Select for host location ability on potted grapevines under glasshouse conditions
Fitness components selected for :– Dispersal ability– Orientation mechanisms– Survival rates– Host plant location– Flight ability– Host acceptance– Oviposition success
![Page 25: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Glasshouse selections
100 potted vines in full leaf Approximately 4,000 wasps released 120 LBAM egg cards exposed for 3 days Parasitised eggs collected to continue each
line Assumption that each egg raft stung by one
female, so that top 3% were selected 9 selections (3 populations x 3 selections)
![Page 26: Biological Control in Victorian Grape Vines using Trichogramma Dr. David Bennett Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research La Trobe University.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551a6418550346cb358b6267/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Further studies
Monitoring egg presence for timing releases Release application rates Dispersal patterns and persistence Life history tradeoffs Impact of food Host deprivation Heritability of body size, wing shape Impact of fungicides
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R1
R4+5
MA
Cu1
Cu2
1A
2A 3A
Trichogramma carverae forewing structure