Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information...
-
date post
22-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
0
Transcript of Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information...
![Page 1: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bioinformatics
• Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg):
“application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”
• Using information technology, designing novel algorithms and methods of analyses (computational biology)
• Establishing innovative software and databases of information, allowing open access to the records held within them (bioinformatics)
![Page 2: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Bioinformatics is interdisciplinary
MathematicsStatisticsComputer Science
Biophysics
EvolutionEthical,legal andsocial implications
MolecularBiologyStructuralBiology
Biomedicine
Bioinformatics
Patrice Koehl
![Page 3: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Genomics: genes give rise to proteins
• The ~25,000 genes of the human genome encode > 100,000 polypeptides
• Not all of the DNA in a genome encodes protein
microbes: 90% coding gene
human: 3% coding gene
• About ½ of the non-coding DNA in humans is conserved (functionally important)
![Page 4: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
DNA
RNA
Protein
Replication
Transcription
Translation
Genotype
Phenotype
Patrice Koehl
![Page 5: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
DNA structure
![Page 6: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
RNA structure
![Page 7: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Protein structure
![Page 8: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
G
RNA
5’
GG U C A U U C
3’
DNA coding strand
DNA template strand
DNA
5’
5’
3’ 3’
mRNA synthesisThe mRNA is formed by adding nucleotide that are complementary to the template strand
Patrice Koehl
![Page 9: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Translation: mRNA -> protein
![Page 10: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
TRANSLATION
• The process of reading the mRNA sequence and creating the protein is called translation• Protein are made of amino acids (20 different, 9 “essentials”)• 3 bases or nucleotides make one codon• Each codon specifies one amino acid : genetic code
Patrice Koehl
![Page 11: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
3-letter Codon -> amino acid
![Page 12: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Translation : initiation
Patrice Koehl
![Page 13: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Translation : initiation
tRNA
Patrice Koehl
![Page 14: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Translation : elongation
tRNA
Patrice Koehl
![Page 15: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Translation : elongation
Patrice Koehl
![Page 16: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Translation : elongation
Patrice Koehl
![Page 17: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Translation : elongation
Patrice Koehl
![Page 18: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Translation : termination
Patrice Koehl
![Page 19: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Translation : termination
Protein
Patrice Koehl
![Page 20: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
DNA -> RNA -> Proteins
• Proteins are central to life
• Cellular structure, communications, etc.
• Medical, drug development
• Failure -> disease (ex: missing, misfolding)
• The key to protein function is structure
![Page 21: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Proteins
collagen immunoglobulin
![Page 22: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Huntington’s: amyloid structure
![Page 23: Bioinformatics Original definition (1979 by Paulien Hogeweg): “application of information technology and computer science to the field of molecular biology”](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062300/56649d775503460f94a59c45/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Animations
Transcription and Translation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ynmxwqiv7j8&feature=related
Eukariotic Transcriptionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6Nyce-4oG4&feature=related