Biogeochemical Cycles
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Transcript of Biogeochemical Cycles
Biogeochemical CyclesLeyda
Biogeochemical Cycles• Over 95% of the body is made of these elements:S P O N C H : Sulfur, Phosphorus, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen• An ecosystem needs two things:• A flow of Energy (goes one way through trophic levels and
is lost along the way)• Cycle of materials
Water Cycle• Water = H2O• Cycles Hydrogen and Oxygen through the
biosphere• Water makes up to 70% of the mass of our bodies• Water is an important solvent for cell processes
Water Cycle
Water Cycle1. Precipitation: water falls to the Earth as rain, snow or ice
Water Cycle2. Runoff: Water moves along the Earth’s surface into rivers, lakes, or streams
Water Cycle3. Seepage: Water soaks through the soil and collects in pools underground.
• Can be gradual or sudden
Sinkhole – Guatemala May 2010• After hurricane – 60 meters deep• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BoOHmdL2I9Y
Water Cycle4. Evaporation: Water changes from a liquid to a gas (usually occurs at the surface of lakes and oceans)
Water Cycle5. Transpiration: Water evaporates from the leaves of plants (the most evaporative)
Water Cycle6. Condensation: Water changes from gas to liquid (occurs when warm, moist air rises and cools in the upper atmosphere)
Carbon Cycle
Carbon Cycle• Carbon is the main ingredient in all living things• Carbon makes up the 4 macromolecules of life:• Carbohydrates• Lipids• Proteins• Nucleic Acids
Carbon Cycle1. Photosynthesis: Plants take in CO2 from the atmosphere and use it to make food.
Carbon Cycle2. Feeding: Animals obtain carbon by eating plants.
Carbon Cycle3. Respiration: Animals breathe out CO2 when they burn food to get energy.
Carbon Cycle4. Deposition: When organisms decay, carbon is
trapped in sediments underground that eventually form rocks or fossil fuels.
Carbon Cycle5. Human Activity: Burning fossil fuels in factories
and cars releases CO2 into the atmosphere.
Carbon Cycle6. Decomposition: Energy-rich, carbon-based
compounds formed from the decaying bodies of buried organisms.
Carbon Cycle – In the Ocean7. Photosynthesis: Phytoplankton are Producers
in the Ocean 8. Feeding: Phytoplankton (Producers) are eaten
by consumers.9. Respiration: CO2 is released when organisms
burn food.
Carbon Cycle10. Erosion: Rocks break down, releasing carbon
into the soil or ocean where it can be used by organisms.
Carbon Cycle11. Volcanic Activity: CO2 released into the
atmosphere
Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle• Nitrogen is important for making proteins and
DNA• Nitrogen makes up ¾ of our atmosphere• N2 (Nitrogen gas) cannot be used by living things until it
is changed into Nitrates, Nitrites, or Ammonia
Nitrogen Cycle1. Fertilizers: Humans add usable nitrogen
directly to soil.
Nitrogen Cycle2. Nitrogen Fixation: Bacteria in the roots of
plants change nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia (NH3) so that plants can use it.
Nitrogen Cycle3. Lightning: Changes nitrogen gas into nitrate
and nitrite.
Nitrogen Cycle4. Uptake: Producers take up usable nitrogen from
the soil and ocean.
Nitrogen Cycle5. Consumers: Obtain nitrogen by eating plants.
Nitrogen Cycle6. Excretion: Urine returns nitrogen to the soil. Decomposition: When organisms decay, nitrogen
is returned to the soil.
Nitrogen Cycle7. Denitrification: Some bacteria change usable
nitrogen back into nitrogen gas (N2) which goes back into the atmosphere.
Nitrogen Cycle1. What are two ways nitrogen cycle allows nitrogen
to be taken out of the atmosphere and made usable for plants and animals?Nitrogen fixing bacteria, lightning, man
made fertilizer2. What are the three ways that ammonia (NH3) are formed?Nitrogen fixing bacteria, decomposition,
excretion, deposition
Phosphorus Cycle1. What is phosphorus used for in living things?
2. What form is phosphorus frequently found in?
3. What part of the biosphere is phosphorus not found in, that carbon, water and nitrogen are found in?
ATP (Energy), DNA (Phosphate Group)
Rocks, sediments, soil minerals
Atmosphere