Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics...
-
Upload
steven-harper -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics...
![Page 1: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biogeochemical Cycles
![Page 2: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
3 Fundamental Laws of Nature
• Conservation of Matter
• 1st Law of Thermodynamics(Conservation of Energy)
• 2nd Law of Thermodynamics(Entropy)
![Page 3: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Earth:Matter does not come and
go
Earth is aClosedSystem
to Matter
![Page 4: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Biogeochemical Cycles:Reservoirs & Pathways
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
![Page 5: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Some Major Cycles of Matter
•Water Cycle•Rock Cycle•Chemical Cycles
•Carbon•Nitrogen•Phosphorous•Sulfur
![Page 6: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Carbon Cycle
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
![Page 7: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Carbon Cycle: Reservoirs
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
1x(= 7.3x1017 grams
carbon)
3x
55x35,000x
![Page 8: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Carbon Cycle
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
Photosynthesis
Respiration& Decay
![Page 9: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Carbon Cycle
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
Photosynthesis
Respiration& Decay
Burial &Lithification
Weathering& Volcanism
Dissolution
PhotosynthesisBurial &Lithification
Exsolution
![Page 10: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Carbon Cycle
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
HumanImpacts
Burning fossil fuels:Increased combustion
Deforestation:Decrease Photosynthesis
Increase Respiration
Net Effect:Increase in Carbonin Atmosphere
![Page 11: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
northernsummer
northernwinter
![Page 12: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Nitrogen Cycle
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
Nitrogen fixation:• bacteria• lightning
Waste &Decomposition
Denitification:bacteria
Erosion
Absorption
![Page 14: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Nitrogen-Fixing
Bacteria in Root
Nodules
![Page 15: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Nitrogen Cycle
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
Nitrogen fixation:• industrial (fertilizer)
• combustion
Increased Erosion
HumanImpacts
Net Effect:Increase in Nitrogenin water & soil
![Page 16: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Phosphorous Cycle
Atmosphere
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
Never enters the atmosphere
Waste &Decomposition
Weathering & Erosion
Absorption
SedimentationAbsorption
![Page 17: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Phosphorous Cycle
HydrosphereLithosphere
Biosphere
Mining, use (fertilizer, detergent, etc.)& increased runoff
HumanImpacts
Net Effect:Increase in phosphorous in water &“algal blooms”; Depletion in soils
More Phos. for organisms
![Page 18: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Eutrophication
![Page 19: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Impact:Red Tide
![Page 20: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Sulfur Cycle
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere Lithosphere
Biosphere
Volcanoes& Weathering
Waste &Decomposition
Deep Sea Vents
Absorption
Sedimentation
Absorption
Precipitation
“Evaporation” Weathering
BacteriaRelease
BacteriaAbsorption
![Page 21: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Sulfur Cycle
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere Lithosphere
Biosphere
BurningFossil Fuels
Precipitation”Acid Rain
HumanImpacts
Net Effect:Increase in atmosphere (health effects) and acid rain
![Page 22: Biogeochemical Cycles. 3 Fundamental Laws of Nature Conservation of Matter 1st Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy) 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032313/56649e6a5503460f94b67ef1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
What is the ultimate interface of all 4 reservoirs
for these cycles?
Soil