Biogas Upgrading
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Transcript of Biogas Upgrading
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
„Overview on (biogas)upgrading technologies“
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
BIOGASMAXBiogas as vehicle fuel – Market Expansion to 2020 Air Quality
The overall objective is the demonstration
of the well to wheel path – biogas
production, upgrading to biomethane,
distribution and utilisation as vehicle fuel
Activities ISET:
! Monitoring and evaluation of biogas production plants
! Monitoring and evaluation of biogas upgrading plants
! Tests using new technologies for biogas pretreatment
! Knowledge transfer in the area of biogas production and
upgrading to biomethane
[ISET]
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
BIOGASMAXBiogas as vehicle fuel – Market Expansion to 2020 Air Quality
Monitoring programme
and demonstration sites:
! Berne (CH) !
! Lucerne (CH) !
! 2xLille (F)!
! Göteborg (S)!
! Falköping (S)!
! Västeras (S) !
! Linköping (S)
! Stockholm (S)!
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
What is Biogas?
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
What is biogas?
! Gas mixture
! Produced in an anaerobic digestion process
! Possible feedstock material: All good degradable organic materials
! Digester sludge
! Manure (liquid & solid)
! Organic waste (Household waste, restaurant waste, food industrywaste, etc.)
! Energy crops (silage of maize, grass, corn, etc.)
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Composition of biogas:
! Methane CH4 (50 – 75 %)
! Main component of natural gas
! Carbon dioxide CO2 (25 – 45 %)
! Water H2O
! Nitrogen N2
! Oxygen O2
! Ammonia NH3
! Hydrogen sulphide H2S
! Other trace gases (e.g. hydrogen, siloxanes, etc.)
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Different kinds of biogas…
…corresponding to different kinds of feedstock:
! Sewage gas / Sludge gas (wastewater treatment plants)
! Biogas from agricultural sources (manure, energy crops)
! Biogas from waste
" or mixtures of it (so called Co-digestion)
! Landfill gas
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Different kinds of biogas in the project…
…corresponding to different kinds of feedstock:
! Sewage gas / Sludge gas (wastewater treatment plants)
! Biogas from agricultural sources (manure, energy crops)
! Biogas from waste
" or mixtures of it (so called Co-digestion)
! Landfill gas
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Primary production of biogas in Europe 2007
[EurObserv ‘ER, 2007]
In ktOE
(1.000 tons oil equivalent):
EU: 5.901 ktOE = 69 TWh
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
How to producebiomethane?
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Overview biogas upgrading technologies(for CO2 - reduction)
[ISET, 2008]
AbsorptionAdsorption PermeationCryogenic
upgrading
Pressure swing
adsorption
Water
scrubber
Physical
absorption
(organic solvents)
Chemical
Absorption
(organic solvents)
Low pressure
membrane
separation
High pressure
membrane
separation
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Pressure Swing Adsorption
[ISET, 2008]
AbsorptionAdsorption PermeationCryogenic
upgrading
Pressure swing
adsorption
Water
scrubber
Physical
absorption
(organic solvents)
Chemical
Absorption
(organic solvents)
Low pressure
membrane
separation
High pressure
membrane
separation
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Pressure Swing Adsorption
[ISET, 2008]H2S H2O CO2
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Pressure Swing Adsorption
[CarboTech, 2008]
Gasmoleküle
CH4
N2/O2
H2O/H2S
CO2
Kohlenstoff-molekularsieb
Biogas
CH4 / CO2 / N2 / O2 / H2O / H2S CO2 / N2 / O2 / H2O / H2S
Abgas
Bio-Erdgas
Adsorption:
Regeneration:
Gasdruck hoch
Gasdruck niedrig
D R U C K W E C H S E L A D S O R P T I O N(deutsch kurz "DWA" /englisch kurz "PSA")
Verdichter Vakuumpumpe
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Pressure Swing Adsorption: 2000 Nm"/h
[CarboTech, 2008]
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Water scrubber
[ISET, 2008]
AbsorptionAdsorption PermeationCryogenic
upgrading
Pressure swing
adsorption
Water
scrubber
Physical
absorption
(organic solvents)
Chemical
Absorption
(organic solvents)
Low pressure
membrane
separation
High pressure
membrane
separation
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Water Scrubber (with regeneration)
[ISET, 2008]
H2O
CO2
H2S
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Water Scrubber (with regeneration)
[ISET, 2008] [Göteborg Energi, 2008]
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Physical Absorption/Scrubber(using organic solvents)
[ISET, 2008]
AbsorptionAdsorption PermeationCryogenic
upgrading
Pressure swing
adsorption
Water
scrubber
Physical
absorption
(organic solvents)
Chemical
Absorption
(organic solvents)
Low pressure
membrane
separation
High pressure
membrane
separation
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Physical Absorption/Scrubber(using organic solvents)
[ISET, 2008]
H2O
H2S
CO2
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Chemical Absorption/Scrubber(using organic solvents)
[ISET, 2008]
AbsorptionAdsorption PermeationCryogenic
upgrading
Pressure swing
adsorption
Water
scrubber
Physical
absorption
(organic solvents)
Chemical
Absorption
(organic solvents)
Low pressure
membrane
separation
High pressure
membrane
separation
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Chemical Absorption/Scrubber(using organic solvents)
[ISET, 2008]CO2H2S
H2O
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
„Amine-scrubber“ in Gothenburg/Sweden
[Göteborg Energi, 2008]
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
High pressure membrane separation
[ISET, 2008]
AbsorptionAdsorption PermeationCryogenic
upgrading
Pressure swing
adsorption
Water
scrubber
Physical
absorption
(organic solvents)
Chemical
Absorption
(organic solvents)
Low pressure
membrane
separation
High pressure
membrane
separation
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
High pressure membrane separation
[ISET, 2008]
Feed Retentate
Permeate
Feed Permeate
Retentate
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Energy demand biogas upgrading
[ISET nach Schwalbenbach, Lange/Dalkia; Beil/ISET, 2008]
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Costs biogas upgrading
Investment costs:
ca. 1,2 – 1,5 Mio. ! (1.000 Nm"/h BG*)
ca. 0,5 – 0,8 Mio. ! (250 Nm"/h BG*)
Specific operational costs:
ca. 7 – 13 !/MWh (1.000 Nm"/h BG*)
ca. 13 – 17 !/MWh (250 Nm"/h BG*)
*BG= raw BioGas[ISET, Beil; Dalkia, Schwalbenbach/Lange, 2008]
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Availability and maintenance costsbiogas upgrading unit (1.000 Nm"/h raw gas)
86%
88%
90%
92%
94%
96%
98%
100%
chem.
Absorption
DWW Membran phys.org.
Abs.
PSA
Ve
rfü
gb
ark
eit
0
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
Wa
rtu
ng
sk
os
ten
!/a
Verfügbarkeit
Wartungskosten
[ISET, Beil; Dalkia, Schwalbenbach/Lange, 2008]
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Biogas upgrading in Europe –number of plants
[ISET, 10/08]
Water Scrubber
32
Membrane
4PSA
33
Cryogenic
1
Chemical Absorption
organic solvents
9Physical Absorption
organic solvents
7
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Biogas upgrading in Europe –raw gas capacities in Nm"/h
[ISET, 10/08]
Physical Absorption
organic solvents;
2.170
Water Scrubber;
31.935
PSA; 15.193
Chemical
Absorption organic
solvents; 4.900
Membrane; 778
Cryogenic; 1.600
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Biogas upgrading in Europe
[ISET, 10/08]
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Austria
France
Germany
Iceland
Netherlands
Norway
Sweden
Switzerland
Spain U
K
Country
Cp
acit
y [
Nm
_/h
]
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Biogas upgrading to produce biomethane asvehicle fuel or grid injection
!"Upgrading technologies are available and there is anexperience of more than 20 years available.
#"For the production of vehicle fuel & grid injection thesame upgrading technologies can be used.
$"Currently there is no international standard regarding thegas quality for grid injection and the use as vehicle fuelavailable (only national standards: e.g. Austria,Germany, Sweden, Switzerland)
%"There is no equal quality for natural gas
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Thank you...
...questions?
[Copyright: Schmack Biogas AG]
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Beil, Dipl.-Ing. Uwe Hoffstede, ISET, Div ision Bio-energy Systems Technology
“European Biomethane Fuel Conference”, Göteborg/Sweden, 2009-09-09
Further reading:
Proceedingsavailable at:
www.iset.de
www.fnr.de