Biofuels Presentation: Biodiesel and Ethanol...US Consumption of Diesel Fuel • In 2000 the US...
Transcript of Biofuels Presentation: Biodiesel and Ethanol...US Consumption of Diesel Fuel • In 2000 the US...
Biofuels Presentation:
Biodiesel and Ethanol
Agricultural Utilization Research InstituteP.O. Box 188Morris, Minnesota 56267
Presented by: Michael Sparby
Mission
• Identification and expansion of markets for new or existing commodities, ingredients and products;
• The development of new uses or value improvements for Minnesota agricultural commodities
CENTER FOR CENTER FOR PRODUCERPRODUCER--OWNED OWNED ENERGYENERGY
• Establish an Agricultural Innovation Center focused on producer-owned energy
• Located in Marshall, Minnesota
What is Ethanol?
• Ethanol or Ethyl Alcohol– CH3 CH2 OH or simply alcohol
• Feedstock– Starch
• Most prevalent is corn due to price– Milo, Barley, Wheat, Whey and Potato
• Cellulose Conversion
Feedstocks• Ethanol Yield from Corn
– 2.65 Gallons per bushel (56 lbs per bushel)• Ethanol Yield from Barley
– 2.04 Gallons per bushel (48 lbs per bushel)• Ethanol Yield from Wheat
– 2.71 Gallons per bushel (60 lbs per bushel)
EthanolDry Mill Process
• Corn– 1/3rd DDGS (dried distillers grains with solubles – feed)– 1/3rd Starch (ethanol)– 1/3rd CO2
Starch
CO2
DDGS
Plant Costs (New Construction)
• 5 million gallon per year capacity – $11,000,000
• 15 million gallon per year capacity– $24,000,000
• 40 million gallon per year capacity– $60,000,000
• 15 million gallon Enzymatic Cellulose-Ethanol processing plant– $80,000,000
Current US Ethanol Capacity
• 3.3 Billion Gallons of Ethanol Per Year Capacity
• 500 Million Currently Under Construction
• 14 Dry Mill Plants in Minnesota
• 1 Wet Mill Plant
Energy Ratio
• 1.77 Energy Balance for Corn– For every one unit of energy put in to produce
ethanol you will receive 1.77 units out.
Current Ethanol Use
• E10 10% Ethanol Blend– Most common blend – Woks in all vehicles without modification
• E85 85% Ethanol Blend– Flex Fuel Vehicle
Source: M. Leduc, Biography of Rudolph Diesel
History of Biodiesel
Source: M. Leduc, Biography of Rudolph Diesel
• Rudolf Diesel’s invention in the late 1800’s.
• 1900 Paris Exposition• As fuels, vegetable oils never
gained wide spread attention.• OPEC Oil Embargo renewed
the interest in alternative fuels.
Biodiesel Raw MaterialsOil or Fat Alcohol
Soybean MethanolCorn EthanolCanolaCottonseed CatalystSunflower Sodium hydroxideBeef tallow Potassium hydroxidePork lardUsed cooking oils
]
The Biodiesel Reaction
100 lbsTriglyceride
10 lbsAlcohol
10 lbsGlycerin
100 lbsMono Alkyl-Esters
Soy Oil Methanol Glycerin Biodiesel
Catalyst
Biodiesel National Perspective
• Total annual US production of fats & oils– Total vegetable oil 23.659 Billion lbs./year– Total animal fat 11.638 Billion lbs./year
35.3 Billion lbs./year
35.3 Billion lbs. = 4.64 Billion Gallons of biodiesel
US Consumption of Diesel Fuel
• In 2000 the US consumed 33.13 Billion gallons of on-highway diesel fuel
• If all the vegetable oil and animal fat were used to produce biodiesel, we could only replace 15% of the current demand for on-highway diesel fuel
Favorable:Reduces carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, particulate matter, and smoke opacity.Safe handlingNon-toxicZero to low sulfur– Lubricity enhancer
Biodiesel Fuel CharacteristicsBiodiesel Fuel Characteristics
Biodiesel Fuel Characteristics
Concerns:Cold temperature propertiesHigher Cost8% Power Reductioat B100
Cost of Biodiesel
• Cost is very feedstock sensitive• Processing cost is estimated around $.20 to
$.50 per gallon• New plant cost is about $1 per gallon of
annual capacity• B100 price is about $1.30 to $2.50 per gallon
(without road tax)
Farm Bill– CCC Bioenergy Program
$204 million over 5 years
Biodiesel Fuel Education– “Biodiesel Benefits” education
$5 million in mandatory spending by 2007
Energy Bill- $.01 per percent up to 20% blend
Federal Legislation
Minnesota Legislation
March 2002 Legislative Mandate– Requires all diesel fuel sold in the state to
contain a minimum of 2% biodiesel fuel by volume starting July 1, 2005
– Stipulates that Minnesota must have a minimum of 8 million gallons of in-state production
Minnesota uses 800 million gallons of diesel annually– 550 mm gals. on-road– 250 mm gals. off-road
Equates to 16 million gallons of biodiesel consumption at 2% level
Minnesota Diesel Consumption
Current Biodiesel Activities in Minnesota
Plants Under Construction– MN SP, Brewster
– 30 Million Gallon Per Year
– SoyMor, Albert Lea– 30 Million Gallon Per
Year– FUMPA, Redwood Falls
– 3 Million Gallon Per Year
Questions?
Northern Office, Crookston
Southwest Office, Marshall
Southeast Office, Waseca
www.auri.org
AURI Offices