BIOETHICS LECTURE 2 ==
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Transcript of BIOETHICS LECTURE 2 ==
• referred to as the human activity of man as man by which he attains an end he wants to obtain.
• they are rational acts of human person involves understanding and free will.
• Paul J. Glenn defines human acts as an” act which proceeds from the deliberate
free will of man”.
1.They are done in deliberately. The agent performing the act is not conscious of his actions going on. The action he is doing is not under the command of his consciousness.
2. The acts are not done freely. They may be done by force, that is without the freedom of choice of the person.
3. The acts are done involuntary. The acts do not emanate from the heart of the agent.
1.The act must be deliberate.
2.The act must be free.
3.The act must be voluntary.
•an act of decision to select a degree
course •an act of killing
someone •an act of marriage
•choice of life partner•to love
•to vote for a candidate
•act of teaching or studying etc.
ELICITED ACTS -emanate from the will of the agent. It is a will act begin and completed in the will without bodily involvement.
COMMANDED ACTS-are body mind acts done to carry out the elicited act of the subject or agent.
1.WISH 2. INTENTION 3. CONSENT 4. ELECTION 5. USE 6. FRUITION
• WISH- natural inclination of the will towards an object.
• INTENTION- the wills tendency towards something, attainable but not obligatory.
• CONSENT- is the acceptance of the will to implement the agent’s attention.
• ELECTION - agent chooses from among a variety of means what he believes to be the most
effective to carry out of intention.
• USE - wills command to make use of the selected means in carrying out the intention.
• FRUITION- enjoyment of the will as a result of the attainment of the object desired earlier.
COMMAND ACTS:1.INTERNAL ACTS
2.EXTERNAL ACTS
3.MIXED ACTS
• INTERNAL ACTS- refer to the purely mental facilities under the command of the will.
• EXTERNAL ACTS- acts are done by the body as commanded by the will.
• MIXED - mixed acts are those done by bodily and mental powers.
HUMAN ACT AND RESPONSIBILITY
Responsibility is the ability of a person to respond to a need or problem in a given situation. A responsible person has that feeling of moral obligation to do an act as a response to the demand of the situation.
MORAL PRINCIPLE
S
INVINCIBLE IGNORANCE MAKES
AN ACT INVOLUNTARY
PRINCIPLE 1
PRINCIPLE 2 VINCIBLE IGNORANCE DOES
NOT RENDER THE ACT INVOLUNTARY, BUT
REDUCES THE VOLUNTARNESS AND THE
CORRESPONDING ACCOUNTABILTY OVER THE
ACT
PRINCIPLE 3AFFECTED IGNORANCE IN WAY REDUCES AND IN ANOTHER WAY
INTENSIFIES VOLUNTARIES
CONCUPISCENE a modifier of human acts, refers to bodily tendencies (appetite) of man sometimes called the passions
PRINCIPLE 4
ANTECEDENT CONCUPISCENSE DIMINISHES THE VOLUNTARINESS
PRINCIPLE 5
ANTECEDENT CONCUPISCENSE DOES NOT ELIMINATE
VOLUNTARINESS OF AN ACT
FEAR -refers to a person’s perturbed state of mind due to an impending danger or evil that might befall anytime .
PRINCIPLE 6
ACTS DONE IN FEAR ARE VOLUNTARY
[GLENN; 41]
PRINCIPLE 7AN ACT DONE OUT OF FEAR HOWEVER GREAT ,IS SIMPLY VOLUNTARY ,ALTHOUGH IT IS
ALSO REGULARLY CONDITIONALLY INVOLUNTARY [GLENN; 41]
VIOLENCE -refers to a physical external force inflicted on a person by a free agent for the
purpose of compelling said person to do an act against his will
PRINCIPLE 8
EXTERNAL ACT WHICH ARE COMMANDED ,PERFORMED BY A
PERSON UNDER PENDING VIOLENCE WHICH COULD BE REASONABLY RESISTED ,ARE
INVOLUNTARY AND ,THEREFORE, NOT
• HABIT-refers to repeatable acts of a person done with facility and ease.
• THE INDIRECT VOLUNTARY ACT -acts when perform can have multiple effects other than those directly
intended by the agent.
PRINCIPLE 9
AN AGENT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE EVIL EFFECT
HIS INDIRECT VOLUNTARY ACT
PRINCIPLE 10THE PRINCIPLE OF DOBLE EFFECT
• The act must be good in itself or at least morally neutral.
• The good effect must be greater than the evil one, or equally important at least.
• The act is the only means to attain the good effect .
• The evil effect must be the last to happen .• The agent must be honest in his intention .
END….