Bioenergy engineering program
-
Upload
selfhelp-citizen-dream-merchant -
Category
Engineering
-
view
16 -
download
1
Transcript of Bioenergy engineering program
Bioenergy Engineering
Introduction
Biomass is material derived from plant and
animal sources.
Products of Forestry, Agriculture, Urban and
Industrial Waste Disposables are sources of
biomass that may be converted into biofuels
Objectives of Bio-energy Program:
• To make bio-energy a major energy
source & elevate its present status as
the ‘poor man’s oil’ into a modern
energy source, use advanced
techniques.
• Produce biomass renewably and
convert it efficiently into electricity,
gaseous, liquid and processed solid
fuels.
What categories of biomass
are sources?
• From agriculture, residues and energy
crops.
• From forests, trees.
• From Urban and rural waste and
treatment and disposal, solid, liquid and
gas fuels.
TREES OF INDIA
Energy resource
BIOMASS UTILIZATION
BIOMASS UTILIZATION
• Biomass production needs in addition to
plant or seed, the inputs of allocation of
land, soil with nutrients, water and
labour. Photosynthesis yields food,
feed, fodder and materials and energy
may be derived from byproduct of these
uses. Conversion of biomass can yield
energy as heat and transport fuel.
BIOMASS CONVERSION
METHODS
• Combustion
• Pyrolysis
• Gasification
• Fermentation
• Transesterification
• Physical, Chemical processing
Agro-residues and agro-industry residues-2
• Biomass residues and by products are
available in abundance at the agro processing
centres (rice husk, bagasse, molasses,
coconut shell, groundnut shell, maize cobs,
potato waste, coffee waste, whey), farms
(rice straw, cotton sticks, jute sticks).
briquetting or pelleting
• The process is called
biomass briquetting or pelleting.
• Compressed biomass briquettes are usually cylindrical in shape with a diameter between 30 to 90 mm and length varying between 100 to 400mm.
• Briquetting consists of applying pressure to a mass of particles with or without a binder and converting it into compact aggregate. Ram type and screw type machinery are used for the manufacture of briquettes.
Biochemical conversion
• Residual sugar from molasses can be
converted to ethanol/ butanol through
fermentation.
• Lipase enzymes catalyze release of
fatty acids from triglyceride (oil/fat)
which then react with methanol to yield
biodiesel.
• Anaerobic digestion is a microbial
process that yields methane rich gas.
Liquid biofuels
Liquid biofuels, usually in the form of alcohol, can
be produced from the plant components oil, sugar
and starch, and ligno-cellulose containing plants
can be converted to solid fuel, methanol, synthetic
gas or ethanol.
The most important liquid biofuels produced from
biomass are ethanol, methanol and fatty acid
methyl ester (biodiesel).
Ethanol is of particular importance, since it can
readily be used as a fuel for spark ignition
engines.
It can be produced from a wide range of
agricultural products: sacchariferous
materials such as sugar cane, sugar beet and
sweet sorghum; starchy materials including
cereal grains, cassava and potatoes.
Production of vegetable oil as a substitute for
diesel fuel is a relatively simple process. It
involves extracting the oil from the oilseed,
filtering, degumming and reducing its
viscosity through trans-esterification by using
ethanol or methanol. Tree borne non-edible oil
like jatropha may be utilized with methanol and
catalyst.
Cogeneration
The Biomass Power Programme of India has
reached the take off stage, after dedicated and
sustained efforts over the last decade. The total
potential is about 19,500 MW, including 3,500 MW of
exportable surplus power from bagasse-based co-
generation in sugar mills, and 16,000 MW of grid
quality power from other biomass resources.
BIOMASS INTEGRATED GASIFIER /GAS TURBINE (BIG/ GT) TECHNOLOGY
• HIGH THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE EFFICIENCY GAS TURBINES TECHNOLOGY IS MADE
AVAILABLE NOW AT REASONABLE COSTS LOW UNIT CAPITAL COST AT MODEST SCALES
FEASIBLE IT IS EXPECTED THAT THIS TECHNOLOGY WILL
BE COMMERCIALLY SUCCESSFUL IN THE NEXT TEN YEARS.
Biomass energy is not necessarily the ‘poor man’s
fuel’, its role is rapidly changing for a combination of
environmental, energy, climatic, social and economic
reasons. It is increasingly becoming the fuel of the
environmentally-conscious, rich society. The use of
biomass energy has many pros and cons. One of the
major barriers confronting renewable energy is that
the conventional fuels do not take into account the
external costs of energy, such as environmental
costs.