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Transcript of Bioenergetics1
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What is Bioenergetics?The study of
energyenergy in living living systemssystems (environments) and the organismsorganisms (plants and animals) that utilize them
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Potential Energy EnergyEnergy of of
positionposition Includes Includes
energy energy stored in stored in chemical chemical bondsbonds
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Endergonic Reactions Chemical reactionChemical reaction that
requires a net input of energyenergy.
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
SUNphotonsphotons
LightEnergy
(glucose)(glucose)
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Exergonic Reactions Chemical reactionsChemical reactions that
releases energyreleases energy Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O+ ATP(glucose)(glucose)
EnergyEnergy
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What is Metabolism? The sum totalsum total
of the chemical chemical activitiesactivities of all cellscells.
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Two Types of Metabolism Anabolic Anabolic
PathwaysPathways Catabolic Catabolic
PathwaysPathways
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Anabolic PathwayAnabolic Pathway Metabolic reactions,Metabolic reactions, which
consume energyconsume energy (endergonic),(endergonic), to buildbuild complicated molecules from simpler compounds.
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
SUNlightlightenergyenergy
(glucose)(glucose)
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Catabolic PathwayCatabolic Pathway Metabolic reactionsMetabolic reactions which release release
energyenergy (exergonic)(exergonic) by breaking breaking downdown complex molecules in simpler compounds
Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP(glucose)(glucose)
energy
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ATPATP Components:Components:
1. adenine: nitrogenous base1. adenine: nitrogenous base2. ribose:2. ribose: five carbon sugar five carbon sugar3.phosphate group: chain of 33.phosphate group: chain of 3
riboseribose
adenineadenine
P P P
phosphate groupphosphate group
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Adenosine TriphosphateAdenosine Triphosphate Three Three
phosphate phosphate groups-groups-(two(two with high with high energy bondsenergy bonds
Last phosphateLast phosphate group (POgroup (PO44) ) contains the contains the MOST energyMOST energy
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Breaking the Bonds of ATPBreaking the Bonds of ATP Process is called
phosphorylationphosphorylation Occurs continually
in cells Enzyme ATP-aseATP-ase
can weaken & break last POlast PO44 bondbond releasing energy & free PO4
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How does ATP work ?How does ATP work ? Organisms use enzymesenzymes to
break down energy-rich energy-rich glucoseglucose to release its potential energy
This energy is trapped and stored in the form of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)adenosine triphosphate(ATP)
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How Much ATP Do Cells Use?How Much ATP Do Cells Use? It is estimated
that each celleach cell will generate and consume approximately 10,000,000 10,000,000 molecules of molecules of ATP ATP per secondper second
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Coupled Reaction - ATPCoupled Reaction - ATP The exergonic exergonic
hydrolysishydrolysis of ATPATP is coupled with the endergonic endergonic dehydration dehydration processprocess by transferringtransferring a phosphate groupphosphate group to another molecule.
HH22OO
HH22OOCopyright Cmassengale
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Hydrolysis ofHydrolysis of ATP ATPATP + H2O → ADP + P
(exergonic)
HydrolysisHydrolysis(add water)(add water)
P P P
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
P P P++
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)Copyright Cmassengale
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Hyrolysis is ExergonicHyrolysis is Exergonic
Energy Energy Used Used by by
CellsCells
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Dehydration ofDehydration of ATP ATPADP + ADP + P P →→ ATPATP + + HH22O O
(endergonic(endergonic)
P P P
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
P P P++
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
DehydrationDehydration(Remove H(Remove H22OO
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Dehydration is EndergonicDehydration is Endergonic
Energy Energy is is restored restored in in Chemical Chemical BondsBonds
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How many high energy How many high energy phosphate bonds does ATP phosphate bonds does ATP
have?have?
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Which is true of photosyntheis?Which is true of photosyntheis?
Anabolic Anabolic or or CatabolicCatabolic
ExergonicExergonic OrOr EndergonicEndergonic
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The breakdown of ATP is The breakdown of ATP is due to:due to:
DehydrationDehydration oror HydrolysisHydrolysis
HH22O addedO added oror HH22O removedO removed
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Which Reactions are often Which Reactions are often Coupled in OrganismsCoupled in Organisms
HydrolysisHydrolysis or or Dehydration Dehydration
AnabolismAnabolism or Catabolism or Catabolism
EndergonicEndergonic oror ExergonicExergonic
BOTHBOTH
BOTHBOTH
BOTHBOTH
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