Biodiversity verses species diversity… - WikispacesPP...Demand for Wildlife Products 3. Pollution...
Transcript of Biodiversity verses species diversity… - WikispacesPP...Demand for Wildlife Products 3. Pollution...
Biodiversity verses species diversity…
how are they different?
Biodiversity includes the number of
different species and the counts of the
organisms in the different populations
is– kinda the “gene pool” of all
organisms
Species diversity is just the count of
the number of different species
2
Leaving a Mark
on the World
Have you ever seen very old photographs of the town or city in
which you now live? Has your area changed? Perhaps there are
more buildings or roads than there were many years ago. Maybe
your town or city has more trees and flowers now than it had
years ago. Humans, like all organisms, have an effect on their
environment.
Section 6-1
3
4
5
Leaving a Mark on the World
Section 6-1
6
1. Choose an animal other than a human and describe at least two ways in which it may change its environment.
2. What events might have led to the changes that occurred in your town or city?
3. What positive effect have humans had on their environment? What negative effect have humans had on their environment?
Section 6-1
Interest Grabber continued
7
6–1 A Changing Landscape
A. Earth as an Island
B. Human Activities
1. Hunting and Gathering
2. Agriculture
a) From Traditional to Modern Agriculture
b)The Green Revolution
3. Challenges for the Future
E. Industrial Growth and Urban Development
Section 6-1
Section Outline
8
Section 6-1 What Was the Green Revolution?
Term coined by U.S. Agency for International
Development director William Gaud (March 1968)
Movement to increase yields by using:
– New crop cultivars
– Irrigation
– Fertilizers
– Pesticides
– Mechanization
A planned international effort funded by:
– Rockefeller Foundation
– Ford Foundation
– Many developing country governments
Purposed to eliminated hunger by improving crop performance
9
Human
Activities
that have changed the biosphere include
may have once caused often relies on the methods of the have resulted in
which increased
Food supply Pesticide use Monoculture use
Hunting and gathering
Agriculture Industrial
growth Urban
development
Extinctions of large animals
Green revolution
High standard of living
Increased pollution
Section 6-1
Concept Map
10
Where Do Natural Resources Come From?
Natural resources are materials that are supplied by nature. A renewable
resource is one that is replaceable. A nonrenewable resource is one that
cannot be replenished by natural processes. Once a nonrenewable
resource is used up, it is gone forever.
Section 6-2
Interest Grabber
Which of these are renewable?
11
1. Examine the list of natural resources shown below. Then, classify each natural resource as either renewable or nonrenewable.
a. Wood b. Fossil fuels c. Aluminum d. Wool e. Gold
2. Describe the impact that the loss of nonrenewable resources would have on the environment.
Section 6-2
Interest Grabber continued
12
6–2 Renewable and Nonrenewable
Resources
A. Classifying Resources
B. Sustainable Development
C. Land Resources
1. Forest Resources
D. Ocean Resources
1. Overfishing
2. Sustainable Development
3. Aquaculture
E. Air Resources
F. Freshwater Resources
Section 6-2
Section Outline
13
Classifying Resources 1. Renewable
a) Not unlimited, but renewable
b) Replaced by growth (if biotic)
c) Replaced by biochemical cycles (if abiotic)
2. Non-renewable
a) Cannot be replenished by natural processes
b) Depends on context
i. Individuals are “renewable”
ii. Entire populations or species are not
14
World Fish Catch
Section 6-2
Sustainable agriculture
This diagram shows the
nitrogen cycle that farmers use
in their crop rotations.
Image by Kirstin Yogg
15
Cover Crops
Legumes, grasses, and other
cover crops recycle soil nutrients,
reduce fertilizer need, and
prevent weed growth.
Controlled Grazing
By managing graze periods and herd
densities, farmers can improve nutrient
cycling, increase the effectiveness of
precipitation, and increase the carrying
capacity of pastures.
Biological Pest Control
The use of predators and parasites
to control destructive insects
minimizes pesticide use as well as
crop damage
Contour Plowing
Contour plowing reduces
soil erosion from land runoff.
On hilly areas, plowing is done
across the hill rather than
straight up and down.
Crop Rotation
Different crops use and
replenish different nutrients.
By rotating crops, the loss
of important plant nutrients
is decreased.
A B C
Yr. 1
Yr. 2
Yr. 3
Section 6-4
Sustainable Agriculture
corn
corn
corn
alfalfa
alfalfa
alfalfa
oats
oats
alfalfa (plowed in)
16
World Fish Catch World Fish Catch per Person
To
tal C
atc
h
(mill
ion
to
ns)
Am
ou
nt o
f F
ish
pe
r P
ers
on
(kilo
gra
ms)
Year Year
Section 6-2
Fishery resources
17
18
Emissions to Atmosphere
Nitrogen oxides
Sulfur dioxide
Chemical Transformation
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acid
Precipitation
Acid rain, fog,
snow, and mist
Dry Fallout
Condensation
particulates, gases
Industry Transportation Ore smelting Power generation
Section 6-2
Air Resources
Figure 6-12 The Formation of Acid Rain
19
WhWhat Is Biodiversity?
Biodiversity is the sum total of the variety of organisms- the # of species
and how many of each species there are in the biosphere. Sometimes
humans can reduce biodiversity, which is considered a natural resource.
Section 6-3
Interest Grabber
20
1. List three ways in which other organisms have proved to be a benefit to humans.
2. Compare biodiversity with other natural resources, such as wood and fossil fuels. Do you think biodiversity is a renewable or a nonrenewable resource? Explain your answer.
3. What can be done to preserve the biodiversity of organisms?
Section 6-3
Interest Grabber continued
21
6–3 Biodiversity
A. The Value of Biodiversity
B. Threats to Biodiversity
1. Habitat Alteration
2. Demand for Wildlife Products
3. Pollution
4. Introduced Species
C. Conserving Biodiversity
1. Strategies for Conservation
2. Challenges in Conservation
Section 6-3
Section Outline
Biodiversity and Ecosystems
22
23
Insects
Bacteria Fungi
Plants
Protists Other Animals
54.4%
4.2%
18%
3.4% 0.3%
19.7%
Section 6-3
Species Diversity
24
Fish-Eating Birds Magnification of
DDT Concentration
10,000,000
100,000
10,000
1,000,000
1
1000
Large Fish
Small Fish
Zooplankton
Producers
Water
Section 6-3
Figure 6-16 Biological Magnification of DDT
25
How Much Should It Cost?
You may have read that when something becomes hard to obtain, its price
usually increases. Such is the case for materials like gold and diamonds,
which are nonrenewable resources. Using similar thinking, some
researchers believe that all the valuable services provided by a healthy
ecosystem should be assigned a dollar value.
Section 6-4
Interest Grabber
26
Rank the following items in order of their importance to you. Then, next to each item, write down what percentage of your income you would be willing to pay for it.
1. Fresh, clean drinking water
2. Clean air to breathe
3. An endangered plant containing a substance that can cure cancer
4. Gas for your family car
Section 6-4
Interest Grabber continued
27
6–4 Charting a Course for the
Future
A. Ozone Depletion
B. Global Climate Change
1. Evidence of Global Warming
2. Possible Effects of Global
Warming
C. The Value of a Healthy Biosphere
Section 6-4
Section Outline
28
Ozone Depletion As it is, production of ozone-depleting
substances was mostly halted about 15 years
ago, though their abundance is only beginning
to decline because the chemicals can reside in
the atmosphere for 50 to 100 years. The peak
abundance of CFCs in the atmosphere
occurred around 2000, and has decreased by
roughly 4 percent to date. Stratospheric ozone
was depleted by 5 to 6 percent at middle
latitudes, but has somewhat rebounded in
recent years.
29
Global Warming – natural or not?
How can you take
personal action to help
solve environmental
problems? Talk with the people at your table
30
Anthropogenic Global Climate
Change 5 paragraph essay to include pro and con arguments. It also
will include your position and why you believe this position;
include facts! This must be your own work written in your
own words. Any plagiarizing will earn a zero and possibly
further consequences.
Put this sheet on the front of your paper.
Put your sources behind your paper.
Put your notes from the videos last.
Must be typed to earn above 85% Handwritten papers can
earn 85 points at the most
HW: finish your paper – due as you
walk in tomorrow!!
Video
Video
Click the image to play the video segment.
How Does Everything Fit?
33
Solar energy
Production of oxygen
Storage and recycling of nutrients
Regulation of climate
Purification of water and air
Storage and distribution of fresh water
Food production
Nursery habits for wildlife
Detoxification of human and industrial waste
Natural pest and disease control
Management of soil erosion and runoff
Section 6-4
Figure 6-22 Ecosystem Services
34
Read pp 150-156
Create a conservation time-line in color
(see pp 154-5)
Vocabulary from 6-3 (see page 150)on
the back – numbered and in complete
sentences.
35
Finish your study guide, notes, Biodiversity
worksheet, etc.
If you are totally done, study for the biology test
tomorrow!
Internet
Interactive test
Articles on natural resources and pollution
For links on sustainable agriculture, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-2061.
For links on biodiversity, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-2063.
For links on global warming, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-2064.
Go Online
Section 1 Answers
Interest Grabber Answers
1. Choose an animal other than a human and describe at least two ways in which it may change its environment.
Sample answers: A beaver both removes wood from a forest and dams a body of water. A dog digs a hole and may damage plants, but also may unearth worms and turn the soil.
2. What events might have led to the changes that occurred in your town or city?
Sample answers: increase or decrease in population and industry.
3. What positive effect have humans had on their environment? What negative effect have humans had on their environment?
Humans preserve, conserve, and restore the natural environment as well as construct facilities that improve human health. Humans pollute the air, water, and land with materials that can harm humans and other organisms.
Section 2 Answers
Interest Grabber Answers
1. Examine the list of natural resources shown below. Then, classify each natural resource as either renewable or nonrenewable.
a. Wood Renewable; new trees can be grown b. Fossil fuels Nonrenewable; once depleted they are gone c. Aluminum Nonrenewable; although recyclable, once depleted the resource is gone
d. Wool Renewable; sheep can grow new fleece e. Gold Nonrenewable; once gold ores are depleted no more gold can be made
2. Describe the impact that the loss of nonrenewable resources would have on the environment.
Sample answers: fossil fuels; limited energy, which impacts on industry, quality of life, economy; gold and aluminum; decrease in components for technology, which also impacts on industry, quality of life, economy.
Section 3 Answers
Interest Grabber Answers
1. List three ways in which other organisms have proved to be a benefit to humans.
They provide food, medicine, building materials, and clothing.
2. Compare biodiversity with other natural resources, such as wood and fossil fuels. Do you think biodiversity is a renewable or a nonrenewable resource? Explain your answer.
Nonrenewable, because once species of organisms are extinct, they cannot be brought back to life by any natural processes.
3. What can be done to preserve the biodiversity of organisms?
Students may suggest protecting endangered species and ecosystems.
Section 4 Answers
Interest Grabber Answers
Rank the following items in order of their importance to you. Then, next to
each item, write down how much you would be willing to pay for it.
1. Fresh, clean drinking water
2. Clean air to breathe
3. An endangered plant containing a substance that can cure cancer
4. Gas for your family car
Students’ answers will depend on how important the items are to them.
End of Custom Shows
This slide is intentionally blank.
42
Human
Activities
that have changed the biosphere include
may have once caused often relies on the methods of the have resulted in
which increased
Section 6-1
Concept Map