Biodiversity & Health Symposium17 – 18 November 2014 (Phnom Penh, Cambodia)

Aurélie Binot GREASE regional network http://www.grease-network.org/

“One Health” approach:Pathways towards cross-sectoral

land management

INFLUENZA (H5N1, H1N1,…?)

Links among human, animal and environmental health

Holistic approaches to health «One Health» etc.

* About 60% of human diseases are zoonotic and 75% of EIDs have an animal origin (OIE)

Associating human and veterinarian medicine to address zoonoses*.

One medicine « Environment » One Health

« Ecohealth »

• IDRC, International Association for Ecology & Health, (Ecohealth Journal), research/development and networks (forums, conferences,…)

• Pluridisciplinary experts, indigenous groups, civil society, decision-makers

• Research and action Programs/action gathering various local projects, potential scaling up

• Bottom up approach based on participation, equity

One Health ECOHEALTH

2 approaches responding challenging public health management

Improve health of human communities through the improvement of natural and social environment and human/natureinteractions

• 2008 Initiative gathering FAO, OIE, WHO, WB + national governments, Global Early Warning System (joint platform to improve early warning of outbreaks worldwide), USAID, operationality…

• Strategic plan to reduce infectious diseases risks at the human-animal ecosystems interface

• Top down approach

One Health ECOHEALTH

2 approaches responding to complex challenges of public health …

Detect and fight more efficiently new pathogens at animal-human-ecosystem interface

Need for a paradigm

shift!

Wich « environment » are we talking

about?

Global changes & Biodiversity changes risk of zoonotic disease transmission

Ecosystem services provide regulation of pathogens and/or reservoirs and vectors

Wildlife = source of pathogens

Which definition of these ecosystem services? What are the tools available for their assessment ? How to implement them?

Millennium Ecosystem

Assessment

Ecosystem services & Human well-being

Nature Redeemingversus Dangerous

……A controversy…

What about « SOCIOECONOMIC environment » drivers?

Wich ENVIRONMEN

T  are we talking about?

What about « SOCIOECONOMIC environment » drivers?

Wich ENVIRONMEN

T  are we talking about?

LANDSCAPES

How to minimize the risks associated with leptospirosis in Ban Huai Muang (Nan Province) ?

Analysis-diagnostic of an agrarian system

Interactions between communities and their social and natural

environment

Accessibility to resources

Farming systems and their related livelihood strategies

Driver of the decision making (households) : land scarcity played and important role in the farming system differentiation during the last decades.

Village level

Study Area in Nan province (Thailand)

1 kilometer

Santi Souk

Huai Muang

Huai Hat

Nam Rim

Huai Han

Huai Pong

Huai Puh RuanHuai Tat

Huai Pong

Meut

Nam Haen forest reserve

Community forest

Huai Khon Kwang

Ban Huai Muang

Santi Souk’s community forest

B

A

Asphalted

roadN

• Mapping and Modeling the Agrarian system• Understanding social relationships

• Disease transmission • Bacteria cycle (animal host and reservoir; land and water

contamination) • Land use change, land tenure issues and impact on water

management • Information spreading about the disease• Livelihood strategies, socioeconomic dynamics

DYNAMICS at play

Agrarian system evolution in the village and its drivers since the 50s to nowadays

Accessibility to flat-bottomed valleys = key driver of the farming systems’ differentiation.

Extension of farmland by buying slope plots was decisive for the farming systems’ differentiation.

Social relations between families (clans, lineages, weddings, local politics, age-class) essential in the socio-economical differentiation process and availability of farms’ resources

90s-end 2000: between migration and agriculture• Primary drivers (secondary drivers):

– Logging ban : (decrease of soil fertility without fallow rotation, lack of land)

– Building and industrial workforce demand– Chemical input promotion

• New practices new exposure:Irrigated terraces regular contact with stagnant water full of alluviumTobacco cultivation wet place in the valley, insecticide utilizationMaize cultivation rat population increase

• Maize world price increase, national risk insurance• Para rubber promotion

New practices new exposure• Maize cultivation generalized rat population increase,

increase of chemical product use, smoke impacting respiratory system

End 2000s-nowadays: increasing of agricultural activity

Vulnerability to diseases

Socio-economic differentiation)

Highlighting rather socioeconomic factors/livelihoods than

biomedical ones to manage land, risk exposure, vulnerability

Public Health is impacted by agriculture and environmental policies, market evolutions and social

relationships

Farmers consider rather income constrictions/socioeconomic risks than health risks

Beyond «Wilderness », Nature with a « N »…..?

« People » - centered ecosystems « Farming systems » - centered Beyond sectoral approach

of Health management

?X Cultivated landscapes !

THANK YOU