Biodiversity & conservation sai
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Transcript of Biodiversity & conservation sai
DISASTER MANAGEMENT8 T H TO 10 T H JUNE 2010
BIODIVERSITY & CONSERVATION
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar ReddyCEO, GEO
http://www.e-geo.org
What is BIODIVERSITY ?
1992United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro defined "biological diversity" as "the variability among living organisms from all sources, including, 'inter alia', terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are part: this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems".
A PEEK THROUGH CBD
Birth of CBD: In 1992 at Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Goals of CBD:1. The conservation of biological diversity
2. The sustainable use of its components
3. The fair and equitable sharing of the benefits from the use of genetic resources.
Factors determining Degree of Diversity
Habitat stressGeographical isolationDominance by one speciesAvailability of ecological nichesEdge effectGeological history
Source: orgs.unca.edu/tulula/images/biodiversity.jpg
Climate ChangeMore adverse than beneficial impacts on biological and socioeconomic systems are projected
Food production needs to double to meet the needs of an additional 3 billion people in the next 30 years
Climate change is projected to decrease agricultural productivity in the tropics and sub-tropics for almost any amount of warming
Climate change will exacerbate the loss of biodiversity
Estimated 10-15% of the world’s species could become extinct over the next 30 years
Biodiversity underlies all ecological goods and services
Food and Fiber ProductionProvision of Clean and Sufficient Water
Maintenance of BiodiversityMaintenance of Human Health
Storage and cycling of Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
Agricultural Lands
CoastalZones
ForestLands
FreshwaterSystems
Arid Lands & Grasslands
Climate change will affect the ability of ecological systems to provide a range of essential ecological goods and
services
Importance of Biodiversity.
Biodiversity has contributed in many ways to the development of human culture, and, in turn, human communities have played a major role in shaping the diversity of nature at the genetic, species, and ecological levels.
Ecological Role of Biodiversity
All species provide at least one function in an ecosystem. Each function is an integral part of regulating the species balance, species diversity and species health: all aspects which are intrinsic for the ecosystem as a whole to survive and prosper
Economic Role of Biodiversity .
Food: Crop Biodiversity or agrobiodiversity.
Goods: Various things like timber, paper, medicines.
Recreation: Wildlife tourism, trekking nature photography, birdwatching.
Scientific Role of Biodiversity
Genetic resources:Biotechnology and genetic enginnering use the genes of organisms to make new crops and medicines.
Each species can give scientist some clue as to how life evolved and will continue to evolve.
Causes of Biodiversity losses
At least 40 per cent of the world’s economy and 80 per
cent of the needs of the poor are derived from biological
resources. In addition, the richer the diversity of life, the
greater the opportunity for medical discoveries, economic
development, and adaptive responses to such new
challenges as climate change.
— The Convention about Life on Earth,
Convention on
biodiversity website.
Habitat and Degradation
Destruction of biodiversity rich areas like tropical forests.
Destruction of coral reefs and Wetlands.Ploughing of grasslands.Aquatic ecosystem is threatened.Pollution of freshwater streams, lakes, and
marine habitats.
Other causes of decline
Pollution of wetlands.
Over-exploitation of resources.
Construction of large dams.
Commercial hunting and poaching.
Threatened Tropical Forests
A world imperiled- forces behind the forest losses
source:www.mongabay.com
Threats to Reefs
10% of the coral reefs around the world are already dead. Coral bleaching is another manifestation of the problem and is showing up in reefs across the planet.
source:www.oceansalive.org
Habitat fragmentation
Emergence of discontinuities in organism’s preferred environment.
Fragmentation and destruction of Great Ape habitat
in Central Africa.
INDIA
7th largest country in world
Asia’s second largest nation
15,200 kms land frontier
7,516 km coastline
BIODIVERSITY IN INDIA
Thar desert - The climate and vegetation in this area is a contrast to the Himalayan region.
Western Ghats - One of the two biodiversity hotspots in India.
Sunder bans - The largest mangrove forest in India.
Chilika - This wetland area is protected under the Ramsar convention.
Himalayas - This majestic range of mountains is the home of a diverse range of flora and fauna. Eastern Himalayas is one of the two biodiversity hotspots in India.
Source: earthtrends.wri.org
09/5749
25/521
72/458
88/390
244/18664
03/231
Source: www.earthtrends.wri.org/2002-03
Insects
Butterflies
Spiders
Amphibians
Reptiles
Reptiles
Water Birds
Bar-headed Goose Greater Flamingoes
Water birds
IS THE BIODIVERSITY OF INDIA UNDER THREAT?
10% of India’s plant species are under threat.
More than 150 medicinal plants have disappeared in recent decades.
About 10% of flowering plants,20% of mammals and 5% of the birds are threatened.
Biological Diversity Act
National Biodiversity Authority
Traditional knowledge digital library
Traditional Knowledge Resource
classification
People’s Biodiversity Register
Convention on Biological DiversityImplementation steps
Diversity in India
•India has a rich and varied heritage of
biodiversity
•India figured with two of the 34 hotspots
- the Western Ghats and the Eastern
Himalayas
•With a mere 2.4% of the world's area,
India accounts for 7.31% of the global
faunal total with a faunal species count
of 89,451 species (MoEF, 1999)
Comparative statement of recorded number of animal species in India and the World
Taxa Species World Percentage of India to the world
Protista 2577 31259 8.24
Mollusca 5070 66535 7.62
Arthropoda 68389 987949 6.9
Other Invertebrates
8329 87121 9.56
Protochordata 119 2106 5.65
Pisces 2546 21723 11.72
Amphibia 209 5150 4.06
Reptilia 456 5817 7.84
Aves 1232 9026 13.66
Mamalia 390 4629 8.42
Source: MoEF 2002.
Comparison between the Number of species in India and the World
Group Number of species in India
(SI)
Number of species world
(SW)
SI/SW(%)
350 4,629 7.6
1224 9,702 12.6
408 6,550 6.2
Comparison between the Number of species in India and the World
197 4,522 4.4
2546 21,730 11.7
15,000 250,000 6.0
Summary of Plant Conservation Status Information at WCMC
IUCN Threat Category
Number of species
Extinct 19
Extinct/Endangered 43
Endangered 149
Endangered/vulnerable 2
Vulnerable 108
Rare 256
Indeterminate 719
Insufficiently 9
No information 1441
Not threatened 374
TOTAL 3120
History of Biodiversity Conservation in India
The protection of wildlife has a long tradition in Indian history.
Wise use of natural resources was a prerequisite for many hunter-gatherer societies which date back to at least 6000 BC
Examples of some of the historic reserves are:
1.Gir in Gujarat2.Dachigam in Jammu and Kashmir3.Bandipur in Karnataka4.Keoladeo, Ranthambore and Sariska in
Rajasthan.
The following Acts were devised to protect biodiversity:1. Indian Forest Act, 1927
2. Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
3. Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
The network was further strengthened by a number of national conservation projects,
1. Project Tiger, initiated in April 1973 by the Government of India with support form WWF and
2. the crocodile Breeding and Management Project, Launched on 1 April 1975 with technical assistance form UNDP/FAO
National Biodiversity AuthorityOf INDIA
(Section 8 of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002)
NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN
Chapter 1: Background and objective, scope and approach of the NBSAP methodology and critical analysis of the project.
Chapter 2: statement of principles on which the analysis and recommendations are based
Chapter 3: evolutionary, physical and historical context of India’s biodiversity
Chapter 4: overall profile of India’s biodiversity Chapter 5: key causes for lost of biodiversity Chapter 6: ongoing initiatives in conversation, sustainable
use and equity Chapter 7: broad strategies and related actions for
achieving conversation, sustainable use and equitable access/sharing of benefits
Chapter 8: overall implementation mechanism that would be needed for the strategies and actions presented in the earlier chapter
Increased vulnerability of species extinction
Ecological imbalance
Reduced sources of food, structural materials, medicinal and genetic resources
Cost increase to the society
Impact of loss of Biodiversity
What is Countdown 2010?
Local action:17 October 2007, Zagreb, Croatia.Twenty cities representing 54 million citizen create and implement 10-year Biodiversity Action Plans. This week saw the first workshop of the project “Local Action for Biodiversity‟ (LAB) that brings them together, taking place in Zagreb from October 15-17.
http://vimeo.com/7592397International Day for Biological Diversity - 22
May
The 2010 biodiversity target is now fully integrated into the framework of the Millennium Development Goals and, as a sign of further support, theinternational community decided to declare 2010 the International Year for Biological Diversity.Ban Ki-moon, May 22, 2007
LOCAL PLANS AND ACTION
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Thank You
Ref: http://www...