Biodiesel Educational Resources
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Transcript of Biodiesel Educational Resources
Bringing Biodiesel to theAutomotive Classroom
National Biodiesel Board Technician Outreach Program
Biodiesel Driving Forces Reduce dependence on imported crude oil and
petrodiesel from unstable parts of the world Reduce global warming by using a renewable fuel Reduce harmful emissions from diesel engines Can be used in any diesel engine without
modifications, existing fueling stations can be used Easy to use--drop in substitute for petroleum diesel fuel Produces over 3 times more energy than it takes to
grow and process the fuel Engine and vehicle companies approve the fuel for use Over 100 million miles of on-road trouble-free use both
here and abroad
Biodiesel (B100) Attributes
High Cetane (avg. over 50) Ultra Low Sulfur (avg. ~ 2 ppm) High Lubricity, even in blends as low as 1-2% High Energy Balance (3.5 to 1) Renewable, Sustainable, Domestically Produced Increases overall fuel production capacity in
USA Reduces HC, PM, CO in existing diesel engines
Why make biodiesel?
Diesel fuel injectors are not designed for viscous fuels like vegetable oil
Glycerin (thick)
Biodiesel
Source: National Biodiesel Board
May 2008
NBB OEM Education
Summary Biodiesel in the classroom Existing Curriculum Biodiesel in the shop Hands-on labs On-vehicle diagnosis Training resources
Biodiesel & Automotive Programs
Solar Energy International, Carbondale Colorado
Madison Area Technical College, Madison, Wisconsin
Sustainable Energy & Education Training Bettendorf, Iowa
City College of San Francisco, California Wake Technical Community College,
Raleigh, NC High school Programs Central Carolina Community College,
Pittsboro, NC
SEI: Solar Energy International
Seminar courses Hands-on program:
Engine care when using biodiesel Biodiesel production technology State and Federal LegislationTraining and Business models
Headquartered in Colorado International course offering
MATC: Madison Area Tech
National Science Foundation grant Instructors Ken Walz and Paul Morschauser Renewable Energy Certificate, a 12-credit
program offered through the Consortium of Education in Renewable Energy Technology (CERET)
Multi-disciplinary (Chemistry and Diesel Technology)
EPA Fleet Curriculum Collaborative effort: Community Fuels, City College
of San Francisco, San Francisco Department of the Environment, and Biofuel Oasis
Curriculum for fuel distributors, fleet operators, mechanics and drivers of trucking, municipal, construction and agricultural fleets.
Eight pilot fleets will use biodiesel blends and their experience will be monitored.
SEET: Sustainable Energy Education & Training
Developed by the Advanced Technology Environmental Education Center (ATEEC) and partners
Build the capacity of energy and environmental technicians
Professional development training for 50 upper level high school and community college technology instructors.
http://www.ateec.org/profdev/seet/index.htm
Central Carolina Community College
First Biofuel Class Offered at CCCC in 2002 Over $700,000 in funding for biofuel program since 2004 Extensive ASTM Biofuel Testing Lab New Sustainable Technologies Building in 2009
•$3.8 million; 18,000 sq. ft. classroom and laboratory building for Biofuels, Sustainable Agriculture, Green Building, & Culinary Arts.•LEED Certified Silver: green roof, on-site wastewater treatment, & photovoltaics. •Will house a state of the art fuel production lab that will include seed crushing, biodiesel production, and ethanol production.
For more information go to www.cccc.edu/biofuels
Alternative Energy Technologies: Biofuels begins Fall 2008!
Wake Tech Community College
National Alternative Fuels Training Consortium Partner
Heavy Duty Diesel Equipment Program
Two day and one day biodiesel courses in Continuing Education
Merrimack High School
Students and teachers from NH high school
Partnership with University of New Hampshire
2008 National Biodiesel Conference
Using biodiesel in a the school’s International bus for field trips
West Philadelphia High School
After-school project for automotive students
2006 star at the Philadelphia Auto Show
Top 10 Early Contenders for the Automotive X Prize
Combined Azure Dynamics electric drive system with a Corolla chassis, 2 cylinder diesel
built & raced alternative fuel vehicles, including electric, hybrid and bio-diesel, for the last nine years
Curriculum Crossover
Engine Fundamentals
Fuel Systems Engine Performance Exhaust Emissions Public speaking &
customer service Alternate Fuels
Sources: A Comprehensive Analysis of Biodiesel Impacts on Exhaust Emissions, EPA, 2002 aAn Overview of Biodiesel and Petroleum Diesel Life Cycles, DOE/USDA, 1998
bProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2006
Bridging the Biodiesel Gap 5/29/2008
-25%
-20%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%Carbon Dioxide
ParticulateMatter
CarbonMonoxide Hydrocarbons Sulfates PAH NOx
16%17%
12%
19%22%
+2%
8.2%b
16%a
-2%
Committee Name Here
Jetta TDI on biodiesel
Jetta TDI on petroleum diesel
Jetta 2.0L gasoline engine
Toyota Prius on gasoline
Toyota Fuel Cell vehicle (hydrogen)
Dodge ESX3 (diesel-hybrid) on biodiesel
Vehicle cost $19,970 $19,970 $18,790 $21,520 $100,0003 $28,500 Fuel efficiency (FE) 41/48.5 42/50 24/31 52/45 5.74 72 Vehicle range (miles) 609/711 609/711 348/450 619/536 155 ??? Power (hp) 90 90 115 70 110 ??? Torque (ft-lbs) 155 155 122 82 188 ??? Cost/mile2 $0.047 $0.040 $0.062 $0.035 $0.195 $0.03 Energy density (ED) of fuel (Thousands of BTUs/gal)
127 141 123 123 9 127
Fossil Fuel Energy Balance FEB)6
3.2 0.83 0.74 0.74 0.667 3.2
Total fossil energy input/mile 8 (Thousand BTU/mile)
0.89 3.7 6.0 3.4 2.4 0.55
1 Assuming modern catalyst used with the TDI running biodiesel or ULSD. 2 Assuming $1.70/gallon for gasoline, $1.80 for petroleum diesel, and $2.16/gallon for biodiesel, based on 50/50 average of city/highway 3 Honda’s estimate for the cost of their fuel cell vehicles in mass production in 2012 4 Miles per gallon of hydrogen compressed to 5,000 psi (35 atmospheres), based on maximum range of Honda’s FCV of 170 miles on a 30 gallon tank 5 30 gallons at 5,000 psi equals 3.2 kg of hydrogen (hydrogen density at 14.7 psi is 0.0003142 kg/gal, at 5000 psi it’s 0.1069 kg/gal). Typical c ost for very large consumers of compressed hydrogen expected to be $10/kg. So, $32 for 170 miles. 6 See http://www.mda.state.mn.us/ethanol/balance.html 7 Assumes hydrogen produced from steam reformation of natural gas, fossil energy balance (net energy ratio) taken from http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy01osti/27637.pdf
Lesson Possibility - Vehicle comparison (energy efficiency, economics, etc.)
Biodiesel HydrogenTechnological Readiness Can be used in existing diesel
engines, which have already been in use for 100 years
Electrolyzing water (most likely using fossil fuel energy) or reforming fossil fuels. Most likely non-renewable methods with large net CO2 emissions
Fuel Distribution System Can be distributed with existing filling stations with no changes.
No system currently exists, would take decades to develop. Would cost $176 billion to put one hydrogen pump at each of the filling stations in the US.
Fossil Energy Balance [higher is better]
3.2 units (soy)4.3 units (rapeseed)
0.66 units (steam reforming of natural gas)
Large scale fuel development cost analysis
For an estimated $1691 billion, enough algae farms could be built to completely replace petroleum transportation fuels with biodiesel
To produce enough clean hydrogen for our transportation needs would cost $2.5 trillion (wind power) or $25 trillion (solar)
Safety Flash point over 300 F (considered “not flammable”)
Highly flammable, high pressure storage tanks pose a large risk due to store mechanical energy, as well as flammability/explosiveness
Time scale for wide scale use 5-15 years 30-70 years optimistic assumption
Cost of engines Comparable to existing vehicles Currently 50-100 times as expensive as existing engines.
Tank capacity required for 1,000 mile range in conventional sedan
20 gallons 268 gallons
Comparison of Biodiesel and Hydrogen as Fuels of the Future
Biodiesel in the Shop
Fuel Injection Systems Fuel Filter Maintenance Small Scale Biodiesel
Production Understanding Fuel
Quality Educational Tours
Hands-on Labs Fuel Injection Systems Fuel Filter Maintenance Small Scale Biodiesel
Production Understanding Fuel
Quality Educational Tours
Mobile Biodiesel Education
Department of Energy Grant for $52,000 for 6 six workshops across North Carolina
Mobile Biodiesel Workshops State Energy OfficeOilseed crushing & refiningSmall Scale Biodiesel ProductionFuel Filtration and Polishing10kw onan diesel genset
Trailer Upgrades in 2008
Useful Tools Injector Pressure Tester Hand Vacuum Pump Fuel Filter Pressure Gauge Biodiesel Mini Lab Fuel Quality test kits Educational Tours
Department of Energy (DOE)B100 & BlendsMaterial CompatibilityEngine PerformanceDiesel and Biodiesel Emissions
Handling & Usage
Understanding Diesel Fuel
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Similar to Changes in GasolineTechnical review panel Ultra-Low sulfur DieselBiodiesel Blends
Fleet Management Experiences
Cold weather can cloud and even gel any diesel fuel, including biodiesel.
Users of a B20 with #2 diesel will usually experience an increase of the cold flow properties (cold filter plugging point, cloud point, pour point) approximately 2 to 10° Fahrenheit.
Similar precautions employed for petroleum diesel are needed for fueling with 20 percent blends.
• blending with #1 diesel (kerosene)• using fuel heaters and parking indoors• and using a cold-flow improvement additive
Biodiesel Education Resources
http://biofuels.coop/ www.biodiesel.org http://www.bq-9000.org www.nearbio.com - Where Can I buy it? www.me.iastate.edu/biodiesel http://www.uidaho.edu/bioenergy/index.html 1- 866-BIODIESEL Hotline is staffed 24/7 www.nrel.gov
• NREL Handling & Use Guidelines http://www.biodieselmagazine.com www.bbibiofuels.com
• Biodiesel Magazine• Biofuel Magazine
NBB Resources
•www.biodiesel.org• Curriculum
• Technical Library
• Biodiesel Bulletin
• Educational Videos Available
• Informational Resources
• Technical Resources
• On-line Database & Spec Sheets
•www.BQ-9000.org • Biodiesel Quality Certification Program for Accredited Producers and Certified Marketers