Biodiesel Competence and Development Review: Tanzanian Perspective
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Biodiesel Competence and Development Review:
Tanzanian Perspective
Michael MartinLinköping University
Environmental Technology and Management
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KaribuKaribuVälkommen
Welcome
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Overview for the Session
13:30-14:00 Part I: My Research Project
14:00-14:45 Part II: Presentations» Ageratec AB in Africa now and planned
15:30-16:30 Part III: Focus Group Interview/Discussion
16:30-17:00 Part IV: Conclusions and Possible Partnerships
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Thank You for Attending
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Part I
My Research
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Biodiesel for Tanzania:Research Project
Michael Martin
Linköping University
Environmental Technology and Management
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Partners/Sponsors
Biodiesel Machine and Technology Producer/Supplier
Nutek- Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth
Linköping University- Division of Environmental Management and Technology
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Linköping University, Sweden
IEI-Department of Management and Engineering– Division Environmental Technology and Management
Research Areas– Biofuels
• Synergies and Symbiosis Options• Large vs. Small Scale• Biogas Innovations and Development, Östergötland
– Sustainable Energy – Eco-Design/Product Development– Life Cycle Analysis and EIA– Sustainable Cities and Communities
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Research Project Production
• Ageratec AB, Norrköping– Possible Customers– Guide for Conducting Business in Dev. Countries– Tanzanian Perspective on Biodiesel
• Linköping University– Theoretical Research
• Barriers/Incentives for Implementation• Colonialism in Africa?• Is Jatropha the answer?• Initiatives Needed, Review of Biofuels Task Force• Export vs. Local Use• HYBRID SYSTEMS
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Purpose of ‘exploratory’ research
• PhD Research– Focus on Developing Countries– Hybrid Systems– Large vs. Small Scale Production
• Masters Projects at Department• Course in Biofuels• Commence Collaboration with UDSM, Kakute,
Engineers w/o Borders, Linköping Univ.
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““You can’t solve the You can’t solve the problems with the same problems with the same
kind of thinking that kind of thinking that created the problems”created the problems”
-Albert Einstein--Albert Einstein-
Relevant Option at Present:Alleviation from Biofuels…
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Research Overview• Actors Search
• Dependent Actors (Need Biodiesel, Can use Biodiesel)– Transport Sector– Mining
• Independent Actors (Can Produce Biodiesel, Use Biodiesel)– Agricultural Actors– Farm Co-ops– Villages
• Biofuels Actors (Developing Biodiesel and Research)– Development Cooperation Actors– Government Sponsored Agricultural Programs– Research Institutes
• Infrastructure Overview• Case Study• Synergies, Possibilities• Suggestions, Actors, Purchasers
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Actors Search
• Generate Interest in Biodiesel use and production
• Study and Assesment– Conditions and Obstacles– Attitudes and Risks– Economic Incentives– Local vs. Export– Organization– Core Business Concerns– Other Experiences
• Produce Possible Purchasers
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Infrastructure Overview
• Past Experiences Implementing Biodiesel– Other Developing Countries– Experiences in Africa
• Raw Materials Flow– Which Raw Materials?
• Jatropha, Cotton, Cashew, Peanut, etc.
– Problems with raw materials?– Incur much time? (Case of Jatropha)– Where to get the raw materials?
• Case Study– Most relevant options (Safari, Mining, Restaurants,
Fisheries)• Safari Co-op for biodiesel production/use• Mining Sector purchase and use
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Conducting the Research
• Contact through Emails and Phone Interviews• Questionnaire for Actors• Study Visits – Tanzania Visit
– Jatropha Actors – University Researchers– Biofuels Actors
• Seminar• Matrix- Overview Attitudes, Drivers and Barriers
for Biodiesel
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Research So Far…
• Matrix of Actors– General Involvement– Opinions– Intentions
• Fuel Consumption Patterns– Safari Vehicles– Restaurants
• Hybrid System Reviews– Church Organization
• Assessment of Jatropha Plantations– Diligent Tanzania– Kakute– D1– Sun Biofuels
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The Answer = Jatropha?
• Not much research on JATROPHA• Insect resistant?
• No nutrients = No Fruit = No Oil• Economical? Who will pick jatropha?
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Small vs. Large Scale
Large Scale• SEKAB, Sweden• Jatropha Crops for Export
– Trust of Farmers
– Who will pick
– Value Chains…
Small Scale• Hybrid Systems• Islands (i.e Zanzibar)• Villages
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Why Focus Group?
• Limited time while in Dar es Salaam• Great overview from many actors• Means to identify problems, constraints, costs
and benefits and to stimulate creative thinking for potential solutions and cooperation
• Involve new audiences and unite people• Quick feedback• Find a general view of biodiesel production
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Continued work with Tanzania
• Come back for follow ups• Developing Countries KEY• Hybrid Systems for Villages• Collaboration with UDSM and KAKUTE
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Questions or comments?
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Part II
Business Presentations
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Ageratec AB – Biodiesel Solutionswww.ageratec.com
Michael Martin
Linköping University
Environmental Technology and Management
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Overview
• Ageratec Company and Machines– Brief History– Process Machines
• How it works
• Processor Selection Overview
– Raw Materials
• Current Production/Machines in Africa• Benefits/Drawbacks
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Ageratec History
• Family business in Norrköping, Sweden• Started development in 1996• First processor in 1998• First delivery in 2003• Resellers in 17 countries• 50 employees
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Inputs and ProductsExample Transesterification, oils with 1% FFA
Inputs: • Raw material• Methanol/Ethanol• Catalyst, 1%• Refining agent, 0,3%• Energy 60 W/liter
Products:• Biodiesel, 97-99%• Glycerol, 16-18%• No process water
Crude Palm Oil Biodiesel
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Raw Materials
• Canola Oil• Used Cooking Oil• Fish Oil• Sunflower Oil• Soy Oil• Coconut Oil• Jatropha Oil• Animal Fats• Palm Oil• Algae Oil
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Ageratec Biodiesel System
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Process Benefits
• Batch or Semi-Continuous Production• 1 Step Esterification + 1 Step Trans-
Esterification• Flexible Rawmaterials• Water free technology• Low investment cost in capital and infrastructure• Machines are built to grow and can be linked
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Installation and Requirements
• Installed on site by an Ageratec engineer
• Recipes for most types of raw materials are available
• All process equipment installed on skid
• Minimal requirements: concrete floor, tanks and weather protection
Touch screen operation
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Ageratec turn key solutionsFrom seed oil to biodiesel including:
• Presses• Oil cleaning• Tank control• Fully automated• Laboratory• Full traceability• Online support
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Where in Africa
• Ivory Coast• Zambia• Malawi• Cameroon• Mali• MozambiqueMozambique• RwandaRwanda• Tanzania?Tanzania?
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Zambian Example
• Produce Biodiesel for Zambian Market• Increase local employment• Outgrower Schemes• Own Plantations
www.ovalbiofuels.com
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Other African Countries
Ivory Coast – Palm OilCameroon – Coconut OilMali – Palm & Cotton OilMalawi – Cotton & JatrophaMozambique – JatrophaRwanda - ??Tanzania - ??
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The Process Machines
Range in Output
From 1000 Litres to >36,000 Litres
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P1000-2000
• Capacity 2000 liters/24h • Can be containerized• Need 17kW of electrical
power• Energy consumption
65W/litre• Ready to produce upon
arrival• Fits into one 20 foot
container
Containerized P2000 portable production.
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P3000
• Batch size of 2500 litres• 1 operator/8hours• Need 17kW of
maximum power• Energy consumption
65W/litre• Needs 8 hour of
installation and commissioning
• Fit into one 40 feet container Mr Wahl, Canola oil, Germany
Also, P5000 & P8000
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P16000
• Batch size of 8000 liters 2 batches/day
• 1 operator/ shift• Need 55kW
maximum electrical power
• Energy consumption 59Wh/litre
• Needs 14 days for erection and commissioning
• Needs three 40 foot containers for transport P16000 Transport Y Martinez, Spain
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P24000
• Batch size of 12000 liters, 2 batches/day
• 1 operator/ shifts• Need 85kW maximum
electrical power• Energy consumption 59Wh/l• Needs 14 days of installation
and commissioning on site• Needs four 40 foot containers
for transport
P24000 SV Obeli Lithuania
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Multi-link system
• 1-2 operators/shift up to 6 processors
• Possibility to process different raw materials simultaneously
• Grow capacity with business
2 * 16000 liters/24h Arvi Sucrus, Lithuania
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Conclusions
• Flexible System• Mininmal Energy Input• Can be tailored to specified needs and inputs• Delivered and installed• Aim to work with Tanzania!
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Thank YouFor More information contact:
Kajsa FunkessonQuality Manager
Ageratec [email protected]
www.ageratec.com
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Part III
Focus Group Interview and Discussion
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Focus Group Interview Focus Group Interview SessionSession
Michael Martin
Linköping University
Environmental Technology and Management
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Question/Discussion 1:
In what stage do you currently see Tanzania’s biofuel market?
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Question/Discussion 2:
What do you see as the barriers toward biodiesel (biofuel) implementation in
Tanzania?
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Question/Discussion 3:
What incentives and legislation need to be in place to allow Tanzania to come into
biofuels development?
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Question/Discussion 4:
Which raw materials offer the most promise?
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Question/Discussion 5:
What are the areas of research into biofuels at University of Dar es Salaam?
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Question/Discussion 6:
What do you believe foreign investors can expect and do to successfully operate in
Tanzania?
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Question/Discussion 7:
What are your opinions on foreign investment in biofuels in Tanzania?
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Part IV
Conclusions
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How can we collaborate to solve the problems of biofuels
implementation?
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Where do we go from here?