Biocontrol Para Problemas en Pimientos y Tomates
Transcript of Biocontrol Para Problemas en Pimientos y Tomates
Dr. Willem Ravensberg President IBMA
IBMA Forum:
The Biocontrol Industry and its place in Food Production
Fruit Logistica, Berlin, February 7, 2013
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Macrobials (natural enemies, such as parasitoids, predatory mites)
Microbials (fungi, bacteria, baculoviruses)
Pheromones and other semio-chemicals
Natural products (botanical extracts, natural substances, minerals, etc.)
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Spider mites
Whiteflies
Thrips
Aphids
Caterpillars
Leafminers
Various minor pests
Natural enemies
Microorganisms
Pheromones
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Spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) ◦ Predatory mites
Phytoseiulus persimilis Neoseiulus californicus, in sweet pepper
◦ Predators Feltiella acarisuga Macrolophus pygmaeus
◦ Anticipated new pest in tomato: T. evansi ◦ research for new predators in course
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Whiteflies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Bemisia tabaci) ◦ Parasitoids
Encarsia formosa Eretmocerus eremicus E. mundus
◦ Predatory bugs – used in tomato
Macrolophus pygmaeus Nesidiocoris tenuis (S. Europe)
◦ Predatory mites – used in sweet pepper
Amblyseius swirskii Amblydromalus limonicus
◦ Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Botanigard, Naturalis) Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Preferal, Nofly) Lecanicillium muscarium (Mycotal)
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Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis, Echinothrips
americanus) ◦ Predatory bugs
Orius laevigatus Orius majusculus Macrolophus pygmaeus
◦ Predatory mites Neoseiulus cucumeris Amblyseius swirskii Amblydromalus limonicus Transeius montdorensis
◦ Entomopathogenic fungi
Beauveria bassiana (Botanigard, Naturalis) Lecanicillium muscarium (Mycotal) Metarhizium anisopliae (Met52)
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Aphids ◦ Aphis gossypii ◦ Aulacorthum solani ◦ Myzus persicae ◦ Macrosiphum euphorbiae ◦ Parasitoids
Aphelinus abdominalis Aphidius colemani Aphidius matricariae Aphidius ervi Ephedrus cerasicola Praon volucre
◦ Predators Aphidoletes aphidimyza Chrysoperla carnea Episyrphus balteatus Adalia bipunctata
◦ Natural products
Fatty acids Azadiractin (Neemazal) Bptanical extracts (Requiem)
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Caterpillars ◦ Chrysodeixis chalcites ◦ Autographa gamma ◦ Laconobia oleracea ◦ Mamestra brassicae ◦ Ostrinia nubilalis ◦ Spodoptera spp. ◦ Heliothis spp. ◦ Tuta absoluta, in tomato
◦ Parasitoids
Trichogramma spp.
◦ Predators
Macrolophus pygmaeus Nesidiocoris tenuis
◦ Entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae
◦ Microbial pesticides
Bacillus thuringiensis Baculoviruses (SeNPV, SlNPV, HaNPV)
◦ Pheromones
monitoring, mass-trapping, mating disruption
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Leafminers ◦ Liriomyza bryoniae ◦ L. huidobrensis ◦ L. trifolii
◦ Parasitoids
Diglyphus isaea
Dacnusa sibirica
◦ Predators
Macrolophus pygmaeus
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Various minor pests, with only partial effective
BCAs ◦ Tarsonemid mites, gallmites ◦ Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Aculops lycopersici ◦ Various predatory mites
◦ Mealybugs:
Pseudococcus viburni, Phenacoccus solani, Phenacoccus solenopsis, Phenacoccus madeirensis
Leptomastyx algirica (only on P. solani) Cryptolaemus montrouzieri
◦ True plant bugs: Nezara viridula, Lygus spp.
◦ New exotic pest: pepper weevil (Anthomonus eugenii)
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Foliar fungal diseases ◦ Powdery mildew
◦ Grey mould
◦ Others
Foliar bacterial and viral diseases
Soil diseases
Plant-parasitic nematodes
Microorganisms
Natural products
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Powdery mildew ◦ Tomato
Oidium neolycopersicum, Leveillula taurica ◦ Sweet pepper
Leveillula taurica
Microbial biopesticides Antagonistic fungi
Ampelomyces quisqualis (AQ10) Antagonistic bacteria
Bacillus pumilis (Sonata)
Botanical products Regalia (Reynoutria sachalinensis), Vacciplant (Laminaria)
Natural products
Enzicur (milk enzyme)
Mineral products sulphur
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Grey mould ◦ Botrytis cinerea
Microbial biopesticides Antagonistic fungi
Gliocladium catenulatum (Prestop)
Antagonistic bacteria
Bacillus subtilis (Serenade)
Botanical products ◦ Regalia (Reynoutria sachalinensis) ◦ Vacciplant (Laminaria)
Natural products ◦ Enzicur (milk enzyme)
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Various foliar fungal diseases ◦ Phytophthora infestans, Didymella lycopersici, Fulvia fulva,
Alternaria sp., Fusarium spp.,
Various foliar bacterial diseases ◦ Clavibacter michiganensis ◦ others
Various foliar virus diseases ◦ Pepino mozaic virus (PepMV) ◦ Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) ◦ Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSMV) ◦ Others
Microbial biopesticides: could provide partial control by induced
resistance Pepino mosaic virus - weak virus (PMV-01) Zucchini yellow mosaic virus - weak virus
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Fusarium spp. , Pythium ultimum, P. aphanidermatum, Verticillium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia spp., Phytopththora spp.,
Agrobacterium rhizogenes
◦ Microbial biopesticides
Antagonistic fungi
Trichoderma spp. (Trianum, Tusal, Remedier, etc)
Gliocladium catenulatum (Prestop)
Coniothyrium minitans (Contans)
Antagonistic bacteria
Streptomyces K61 (Mycostop)
Bacillus subtilis (Serenade)
Soil diseases and solutions
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Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)
Lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.)
Microbial biopesticides
Antagonistic fungi
Paecilomyces lilacinus (BioAct)
Antagonistic bacteria
Bacillus firmus (pending)
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Amblyseius swirskii
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Each crops demands a specific Integrated Pest Management programme
Compatibility, interactions
Knowledge intensive, knowledge transfer by advisers
Continuous updating needed
Chemicals integrated as correction measures
System approach involves all stakeholders
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What can we expect in the near future ?
Many BCAs products in research and development
The biopesticide industry is expanding and maturing fast
Registration is slowly adapting to biopesticides, still needs to improve
Regulations require use of non-chemical methods – Sustainable Use Directive (Dir. 2009/128/EC)
The consumer demands residue-free food
Biopesticides are becoming an essential tool in crop protection
[email protected] www.ibma-global.org
IBMA Forum: The Biocontrol Industry and its place in Food Production
Fruit Logistica, Berlin, February 7, 2013