BIOCOMPATIBLE POLYMERS: DESIGN, FUNCTION AND … · BIOCOMPATIBLE POLYMERS: DESIGN, FUNCTION AND...

28
BIOCOMPATIBLE POLYMERS: BIOCOMPATIBLE POLYMERS: DESIGN, FUNCTION AND USES R. James Christie Oct. 4, 2008 Utsunomiya Girls High School

Transcript of BIOCOMPATIBLE POLYMERS: DESIGN, FUNCTION AND … · BIOCOMPATIBLE POLYMERS: DESIGN, FUNCTION AND...

BIOCOMPATIBLE POLYMERS: BIOCOMPATIBLE POLYMERS: DESIGN, FUNCTION AND USES,

R. James ChristieOct. 4, 2008Utsunomiya Girls High School

Biomaterials: Materials that Function with Living Organismswith Living Organisms

Materials that imitate natural  functionArtificial organs  bone  Artificial organs, bone, tissue BiosensorsBiosensorsDrug delivery vehicles

artificial virus

Types of Biomaterials

metals

Source: Dentainium.com

polymersceramics

Source: totalhipreplacement.com

Biomaterials Are Widely Used

Source: http://www.uweb.engr.washington.edu/research/tutorials/introbiomat.html

What is a Biocompatible Polymer?

A “plastic” that is tolerated by living organismsorganismsMany forms are man‐madePossible  properties:

Implantable solidpCoated SurfaceInjectable liquidInjectable liquid

Possible characteristicsD   t i iti t  i  Does not initiate immune responseControls cell adhesionControlled water content

What are Polymers?

Polymers:  Large molecules made up of small repeating units   “poly” = many  “mer” = unitsrepeating units.   poly  = many,  mer  = units“Plastics”

Single molecule: “monomer” Two molecules: “mono” = one“mer” = unit

“dimer”“di” = two

“ ”    itrepeat  “mer” = unitrepeat attachment of monomers

Polymer molecule

Natural Polymerschemical structures:

Proteins:H2N CH C OH

Ochemical structures:

Source: Protein Data Bank

C

O

2

CH3

DNA:NH

CN

C

CC

HC

N

NH2N

OCH2HO 2

C CC

OC

H

HH

HHO

Complex sugars (polysaccharides): 

PO

O-

O-

OH

guaninep g (p y )

O

H

HO

OH

OHMost natural 

polymers are high i   b  

Source: Dr. Ronald E. Hurlbert H

HO

HO

HHHin carbon, oxygen

and nitrogen

Synthetic Biocompatible Polymers

M d  i  

CH2CH

H2C

CH

H2C

CHCH2

CH

OH OH OH OH Man‐made in laboratories

OH OH OH OH

poly(vinyl alcohol)

High oxygen and/or nitrogen 

OCH2

H2C

O

H2C

CH2

O

/ gcontentSterile products

CH3 CH3 CH3

poly(ethylene glycol)

Sterile productsC

CH2

C

CH2

C

CO NH

CO NH

CO NH

H2CCH

CH

OH

O NH

H2CCH

OH

O NH

H2CCH

OH

CH3 CH3 CH3

poly(N-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide)

Examples of Biocompatible Polymer A li tiApplications

1) Growing  cell sheets

2) Tissue scaffolds

3) Wildlife vaccination

4)  Treating genetic disease4)  Treating genetic disease

Biocompatible Polymer for Tissue Culture

37 oC 32 oC37 C 32  Ccollapsed structure

expanded structure

Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) “PIPAAm”

structure structure

PIPAAm changes properties at different temperatures

How could this property be used for medical applications?

Growing Cell Sheets Using PIPAAm

PIPAAmpolymer

surface surface surface1)  coat surface  2) apply live cells 3)  allow cells to grow

37 oC)with polymer

) pp y 3) g

4) reducet t

32 oCtemperature

Source:  Prof. TeruoOkano

surface5)  harvest cells

Cells can be grown outside of the body

Examples of Cell Sheets

heart (cardiac) cells skin (epithelial) cellsSource: http://www.ptei.org/interior.php?pageID=171

Cell sheets have great potential to 

treat many 

skin cell graft on patient

yinjuries/diseases

Biocompatible Polymer Tissue Scaffolds

Poly(lactic acid) “PLLA”

live cells

1)  Prepare a cast of desired shape

2)  Apply live cells 3)  Allow cells to grow

Cells grow over scaffold to create live tissueo des ed s ape

Growing a New Ear

Source: Institute of Science & Technologyin Medicine Keele University 

Damaged earRehabilitated ear

Source: Prof. YongniamYan

Source: Wake Forest School of MedicineSource: Stelios Arcadiou

Seed cells onto scaffold

Grow cells Harvest ear

Biocompatible Polymers for Wildlife VaccinationVaccination

?

40 meters

H  t   i t   ild bi   t   di t ?How to vaccinate wild bison at a distance?

Vaccine Delivery to Animals

Solution: “Biobullets”

“Sugar” bulletsAir rifle delivery

Bullet penetrates target , degrades e de e yand releases contents

Vaccine Carrier: Hydrogel

Bison vaccine = live bacteriaNeed aqueous environmentN d    lid  t t  t   l  i t  bi b ll t

?Need a solid structure to place into biobullet

Solution = HYDROGELSolution = HYDROGELHydro = waterGel = semi‐solid

How to load live bacteria i t  b ll t?into bullet?

reaction

Polymer solution

Connected polymer chains

Solid gel

Vaccine Encapsulation/Bullet Loading

liquid solid

Hydrogels can be formed in biobulletsHydrogels contain live vaccine within high water environment

Result: Vaccination Worked!

80% of vaccinated bison protected against brucellosis

Higher calf birth rate

Treating Genetic Diseases

disease source disease effect

CELLCELLCELLCELL

DNA RNA protein

nucleus

Genetic disease can be treated by:Genetic disease can be treated by:1)  altering DNA2)  preventing RNA formation2)  preventing RNA formation3)  preventing protein formation

siRNA Therapy Strategy

siRNA = “killer” RNA”

Source: The Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine 

siRNA therapy inhibits protein formation

Formation of siRNA Nanocarrier

Oppositely charged polymers associate into organized structuresPolymers designed contain specific properties

E   l ( th l   l l)  h  bi tibilitE.g.: poly(ethylene glycol) enhances biocompatibilityThiol groups generate reversible crosslinks

Analysis of Efficacy

Monitor the formation of 2 proteinsMonitor the formation of 2 proteinsInhibit one, then determine expression ratioA ifi i l  iRNA l d d  i l  i hibi    % Artificial siRNA‐loaded particle inhibits  >50% protein expression

Conclusions

Biocompatible polymer properties can be changed to meet specific requirementschanged to meet specific requirementsBiocompatible polymers improve quality of lif  life 

tools to treat injury and disease

You will probably use a biocompatible in your lifetime!

About Me

H   C l 

Crater Lake

Hometown:  Central Point, Oregon, USA

Population = 17,000

Rogue River rafting

Education

Ashland, OR

‐ B S  2000  Biochemistry   Southern Oregon University

Colorado Rocky Mountains

‐ B.S. 2000, Biochemistry,  Southern Oregon University‐Ph.D. 2006, Chemistry, Colorado State University‐Current research appointment: Kataoka Lab, pp ,University of  Tokyo

Why Become a Scientist?Knowledge of “how stuff works”Knowledge of  how stuff worksCreate commodities that improve the quality of life for allOpportunity to meet many interesting people pp y y g p pduring studies/researchTravel opportunitiesTravel opportunities

What does it take to become a What does it take to become a scientist?

CuriosityCuriosityAbility to learnInterest in academicsInterest in academicspatience

Thank you for your Thank you for your attention!