Biochemistry Remediation Review

Water Science• Properties of Water• Polar: HAS A NORTH

AND SOUTH POLE.• Has 2 positive charges

(on H) and 1 negative side (on O)

• Hydrophobic: water FEARS non-polar molecules. STAYS AWAY. (e.g. oils and fats don’t mix with water)

• Hydrophilic: water LOVES other POLAR molecules.

• Water exhibits• Adhesion: water sticks

to surfaces• Cohesion: water sticks

to itself• Capillary Action: water

moves against gravity

SOLUTIONS• SOLUTE + SOLVENT= SOLUTION

• Solute: what is being dissolved in the solution• Solvent: what is doing

the dissolving in the solution

• Water is known as the universal solvent.

Organic Molecules• Molecules that MUST contain the element carbon• May also contain H, O, N, P• Are found in the organic macromolecules (carbohydrates,

lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids)

Macromolecules- Carbohydrates

• Carbohydrates• Monomer:

monosaccharides• Two carbs: disaccharide• Many: Polymer name:

Polysaccharides• Function: Used for

immediate energy• Ex: Starches, glycogen,

fructose, sucrose, maltose

Macromolecules- Lipids• Building blocks: 3

fatty acids and 1 glycerol• Polymer: Triglyceride• Function: Energy

reserves, insulation, protection

Macromolecules- Proteins• Monomer: amino acid• Carboxyl group• Amino group• R side chain (can change)• Two amino acids:

DIpeptidePolymer: Polypeptide (protein)Function: cell repair and growth, growth of hair, skin, nails, makes up enzymes

Macromolecules- Nucleic Acids• Monomer:

nucleotide• Phosphate, sugar,

nitrogen base

Polymer: DNA/RNAHolds and transmits genetic (hereditary) information

How do these molecules bond together and break apart?• Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation): two monomers (or

building blocks) come together with the removal of water= CONDENSE AND BOND forms polymers

• Hydrolysis: polymers break with the ADDITION OF WATER to form monomers

Animation Review• http://nhscience.lonestar.edu/biol/dehydrat/dehydrat.html

Enzymes• Enzymes are protein molecules• Enzymes can be reused again• Enzymes help to speed up

biochemical reactions in living things

• Enzymes lower the activation energy therefore speeding up the biochemical reaction

• Use the lock and key or induced fit model to carry out biochemical reaction

• Enzymes are influenced by pH, temperature, amount of substrate and enzyme present. Enzymes can be denatured (damaged)if not placed in the correct environment.

Student Resources• REFER TO SPECIFIC PPT SLIDES PRESENTATIONS ON TEACHER

WEBPAGE FOR SPECIFIC COMPREHENSIVE CONTENT INFORMATION TAUGHT DURING THIS UNIT