Biochemistry

• Question–Give an example of a monosaccharide

(C6H1206).

• Answer–Glucose

Biochemistry

• Question–What are two sugars joined together

called?

• Answer–Disaccharide

Biochemistry

• Question–What are three jobs of proteins ?

• Answer–Enzymes, markers, transport, fight

disease (antibodies)

Biochemistry

• Question–What are three jobs of lipids ?

• Answer–Insulation, protection, waterproofing

Biochemistry

• Question–What are the building blocks of

protein?

• Answer–Amino acids

Biochemistry

• Question–What chemical is used to test for

starch (turns from rusty red to blue/black)?

• Answer– iodine

Biochemistry

• Question–What molecule is pictured below?

• Answer–Glucose

Cell Membrane

• Question–What is the cell membrane mostly

composed of?

• Answer–phospholipids

Cell Membrane

• Question–What makes up the tails of the

phospholipid?

• Answer–Fatty acids

Cell Membrane

• Question–What type of transport moves

molecules from low to high concentration using energy?

• Answer–Active transport

Cell Membrane

• Question–Why does starch not diffuse through

dialysis tubing?

• Answer–It is too BIG to fit through the holes.

Cell Membrane

• Question–What happens if you put a plant cell

into saltwater?

• Answer–Plasmolysis

Cell Membrane

• Question–What term means the diffusion of

water?

• Answer–osmosis

Cell Membrane

• Question– If you put iodine on the inside of a dialysis

bag and starch and water outside of the bag, what will happen?

• Answer– Iodine will diffuse out of the bag and turn

the starch blue/black, but starch will not diffuse into the bag because it is too big!

Microbiology

• Question–Do plant cells or animal cells have cell

walls?

• Answer–Plant cells

Microbiology

• Question–How are bacteria helpful?

• Answer–Help digest our food, fix nitrogen for

plants, decomposers, make food, gene factories

Microbiology

• Question–What are antibiotics and what do they

kill?

• Answer–Medicines that kill bacteria.

Microbiology

• Question–What medicines are given to build

immunity to a pathogen?

• Answer–vaccinations

Microbiology

• Question•What are two major differences between

prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

• Answer–Prokaryotes have no nuclei and no

membrane-bound organelles and eukaryotes do.

Microbiology

• Question–Put these in order from smallest to

largest: bacteria, animal cells, viruses

• Answer–Viruses, bacteria, and then animal cells

Microbiology

• Question–What two molecules make up viruses?

• Answer–Protein and nucleic acids (RNA/DNA)

Microbiology

• Question–What do viruses, prokaryotes, and

eukaryotes all have in common?

• Answer–They all have nucleic acids (RNA

and/or DNA).

Microbiology

• Question–How do viruses infect cells?

• Answer–They inject their nucleic acids (RNA

and/or DNA) into cells.

Carbon Cycle

• Question–Which food molecule is used as the

main source of energy in your body?

• Answer–glucose

Carbon Cycle

• Question–What are the inputs of aerobic

respiration?

• Answer–Glucose and oxygen

Carbon Cycle

• Question–What are the outputs of aerobic

respiration?

• Answer–Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (energy)

Carbon Cycle

• Question–What are the inputs of photosynthesis?

• Answer–Carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight

Carbon Cycle

• Question–What are the outputs of

photosynthesis?

• Answer–Glucose and oxygen

Carbon Cycle

• Question–What are the two major differences

between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

• Answer–Aerobic uses oxygen to makes lots of ATP

and anaerobic does not use oxygen and make only a little ATP.

Carbon Cycle

• Question–What organisms can do photosynthesis?

• Answer–Plants, algae, some bacteria

Carbon Cycle

• Question–How do animals release carbon into the

carbon cycle?

• Answer–Consumption, decomposition, and

respiration

Carbon Cycle

• Question–What is the Greenhouse Effect?

• Answer–Carbon dioxide traps sunlight (heat) in

Earth’s atmosphere.

Carbon Cycle

• Question–As carbon dioxide levels have increased

what has also increased?

• Answer–Global temperatures

Carbon Cycle

• Question–What are some ways to reduce your

carbon footprint?

• Answer–Turn off appliances, drive less, turn

down heat, use energy efficient light bulbs, hang wash outside etc

Carbon Cycle

• Question–What are some effects of global

warming?

• Answer–Melting of polar ice, oceans becoming

more acidic, severe weather patterns, and rising sea levels

DNA Structure and Replication

• Question–What molecules make up DNA?

• Answer–Sugar, phosphate, and 4 bases (A, T, C,

and G)

DNA Structure and Replication

• Question–What is the shape of DNA?

• Answer–Double helix

DNA Structure and Replication

• Question–What enzyme breaks apart DNA and

copies it?

• Answer–DNA polymerase

DNA Structure and Replication

• Question–What are three bases in a row called?

• Answer–codon

DNA Transcription and Translation

• Question–What is made from DNA during

transcription?

• Answer–mRNA

DNA Transcription and Translation

• Question–Where does transcription occur within a

cell?

• Answer–Nucleus (where the DNA is located)

DNA Transcription and Translation

• Question–What molecule brings amino acids to

the ribosome?

• Answer–tRNA

DNA Transcription and Translation

• Question–What is a gene and what does it make?

• Answer–A gene is DNA and it makes as protein.

DNA Transcription and Translation

• Question–How is one gene different from another?

• Answer–The sequence (order) of the bases

DNA Transcription and Translation

• Question–What mRNA would be made from:

TAC AAA ATT?

• Answer–AUG UUU UAA

DNA Transcription and Translation

• Question–What protein would be made from

mRNA: AUG UUU UAA ?

• Answer– Met - phe

DNA Transcription and Translation

• Question–What happens to introns?

• Answer–They are pieces of mRNA that get cut

out.

Mitosis and Meiosis

• Question–List the phases of mitosis in order.

• Answer–Interphase , prophase, metaphase,

anaphase, and telophase

Mitosis and

Meiosis

• Question–What are these two phases?

• Answer–Prophase (left) and metaphase (right)

Mitosis and Meiosis

• Question–What are these three phases?

• Answer–Anaphase (left), interphase (middle)

and telophase (right)

Mitosis and Meiosis

• Question–How many and what kind of cells are

made in meiosis?

• Answer–Four sex cells

Mitosis and Meiosis

• Question–What happens to the chromosome

number in meiosis?

• Answer–Sex cells end up with half the

chromosomes

Mitosis and Meiosis

• Question–How many chromosomes do normal

humans have?

• Answer–46

Mitosis and Meiosis

• Question–Why do sex cells have half the number

of chromosomes?

• Answer–So that the when they make a baby, the

baby ends up with a full set of chromosomes.

Genetics

• Question– In human eye color, blue eyes are recessive

to brown eyes. A man who is heterozygous for brown eyes marries a woman who is also heterozygous for brown eyes. What are their chances of having a child with blue eyes?

• Answer–1/4

Genetics

• Question• In pea plants, round seeds are dominant to

wrinkled seeds. Yellow seeds are dominant to green seeds. If a wrinkled green plant is crossed with a heterozygous round and green plant, what are the possible phenotypes of the offspring?

• Answer–½ round green and ½ wrinkled green

Genetics

• Question– If you have blood type A, what types of blood can

you receive?

• Answer–Type A and type O

Genetics

• Question–Hemophilia is caused by a recessive gene that

is sex-linked. A woman who is a carrier marries a normal male. What are the chances of having a child with hemophilia? Include gender in your answer.

• Answer–All girls normal, but half the boys will have

hemophilia.

Genetics

• Question–What genotypes would these people have if

the shaded color indicates a recessive gene like sickle cell anemia?

• Answer–Person 1: Aa, Person 2: Aa, Person 3: A?,

Person 4: aa, Person 5: A?, and Person 6: Aa

Biotechnology

• Question–Who is the daddy?

• Answer–Daddy 1

KEYLane 1 = marker

Lane 2 = child

Lane 3 = mother

Lane 4 = father 1

Lane 5 = father 2

Biotechnology

• Question–What mutation causes more potential

problems: frameshift or point?

• Answer– Frameshift.

Biotechnology

• Question–How is DNA fingerprinting used today?

• Answer– Identify parents, crime investigation,

diagnosing genetic diseases

Biotechnology

• Question–How is your DNA fingerprint different form a

stranger’s?

• Answer– Your DNA will cut into different sized pieces

than somebody else’s making different lengths of DNA which make different bands on the gel.

Evolution

• Question–What is natural selection?

• Answer–Best adapted individuals survive and are

better able to reproduce

Evolution

• Question–What is an example of a vestigial organ in

people?

• Answer–Wisdom teeth, body hair, appendix

Evolution

• Question–How old is the earth according to fossil

evidence?

• Answer–Approximately 4.6 billion years old

Evolution

• Question–What gas was missing from earth’s early

atmosphere?

• Answer–oxygen

Evolution

• Question–What is genetic drift and when does it

happen?

• Answer–Very rapid changes in gene frequencies due

to small, isolated populations (ex. Islands)

Evolution

• Question– List three characteristics of Australopithecus

afarenis?

• Answer– “Lucy”, approximately 3 feet tall, lived

approximately 3.9 million years ago, upright, bipedal

Evolution

• Question–Why do sharks and dolphins look so similar,

but are not closely related?

• Answer–Convergent evolution

Evolution

• Question–What kind of isolation mechanism separated

two species like birds that do different mating dances?

• Answer–Behavioral isolation

Watersheds And Wetlands

• Question–What is a watershed?

• Answer–An area of land that drains into a particular

body if water

Watersheds And Wetlands

• Question– In what major watershed do we live?

• Answer– Susquehanna

Watersheds And Wetlands

• Question–Which way does water always flow?

• Answer–Downhill

Ecology

• Question–What does a primary (1st) consumer eat?

• Answer–Producers (plants)

Ecology

• Question–What does a secondary (2nd) consumer eat?

• Answer–Primary consumers

Ecology

• Question– In what biome do we live?

• Answer– Temperate forest

Ecology

• Question–What do carnivores, herbivores, and

omnivores each eat?

• Answer–Carnivores eat animals (consumers),

herbivores eat plants (producers), and omnivores eat both

Ecology

• Question–What type of relationship benefits both

organisms?

• Answer–mutualism

Ecology

• Question–What type of relationship benefits one, but

does not harm the other?

• Answer– commensalism

Ecology

• Question–How much energy is transferred from one

trophic level to the next in an ecosystem?

• Answer–10%

Ecology

• Question–What organisms help plants get the nitrogen

that they need?

• Answer–bacteria

Ecology

• Question–What type of succession occurs after a

volcanic eruption? Assume that there is no soil.

• Answer–Primary succession

Population Biology

• Question–What are 3 examples of limiting factors?

• Answer– Food, predation, space, competition, disease

(contagious)

Population Biology

• Question–What are the three outcomes of

competition?

• Answer–extinction, adaptation, and emigration

Population Biology

• Question–How big is the human population?

• Answer–6.7 billion

Population Biology

• Question–Which of the following is a density

independent limiting factor? Food, climate, or parasitism

• Answer– climate